
Gass LD"? 1g: 

Book n^Q 



INAUGURATION 

OF 

DAVID PRESCOTT BARROWS 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



CL^i- ^-7/ 



INAUGURATION 

OF 

DAVID PRESCOTT BARROWS 

AS 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY 



WEDNESDAY, MARCH 17 

TO 

TUIiSDAY, MARCH 23 

1920 




BERKELEY 
MDCCCCXX 



l^.lfo 



LIBRAKY OF CONGRESS 

DEC101921 

OOCUMfiNTa OiViSION 



COMMITTEE ON THE INAUGURATION 

Leon Josiah Richardson 
Professor of Latin, Director of the University Extension Division 

Charles Oilman Hyde 
Professor of Sanitary Engineering 

Louis John Paetow 
Professor of Medieval History 

Charles Emanuel Martin 
Lecturer in International Law and Political Science 
Secretary of the Bureau of International Eelations 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Peefatort Note _ ix 

Peogkamme 

General Order of Events xiii 

Charter Day Inaugural Exercises _ _ xiv 

The New Spieit op Japan in Political Eeconstrtjction. By Dr. 
Tasuku Harada _ 1 

The Eesponsibilities of Educational Institutions for the Putueb 
American Policy in the Pacific. By Dr. Paul Samuel Eeinsch.... 19 

Eeception op Delegates 

Address of Welcome by Professor Jolin C. Merriam 31 

Eesponse by President Eay Lyman Wilbur..._ 41 

Eesponse by Professor E. E. A. Seligman 43 

Greetings from Otber Universities 47 

Institutions Eepresented by Delegates 50 

Addresses at a Banquet Given by the San Francisco Chamber op 
Commerce 

Mr. Atholl McBean 52 

Mr. Wigginton E. Creed _ _ — 54 

Dr. Paul Samuel Eeinsch _ 57 

Mr. Eobert Newton Lynch _ _. 66 

Mr. William Sproule _ _ _ _ 75 

President Barrows _ _ _ 81 

Chartee Day Inaugural Exercises 

Invocation by Bishop Adna Wright Leonard 90 

Address of President A. Boss Hill 92 

Address of Mr. Wigginton E. Creed 96 

Address of Professor Charles Mills Gayley 98 

Message of Greeting from President Emeritus Wheeler 101 

Address of Mr. Eay Vandervoort 102 

Greeting from the Foreign Students' Association 103 

Presentation of President Barrows by Governor Stephens 105 

Inaugural Address of President Barrows 109 

Addresses at the Alumni Banquet 

Mr. Wigginton E. Creed 122 

Mrs. Alexander F. Morrison 126 

Dr. Paul Samuel Eeinsch 135 

Mr. Eobert M. Fitzgerald 142 

Mr. George F. McNoble 145 

Mr. Albert M. Paul _ 149 

Governor William Dennison Stephens 151 

President Barrows 153 



vm 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

Plate 1. President Barrows Delivering His Inaugural Address. 

Plate 2. Governor Stephens Presenting President Barrows to the 
Convocation. 

Plate 3. Faculty and Delegates Greeting President Barrows. 



[viii] 



/^N February 7, 1919, President Benjamin Ide Wheeler 
^^^ addressed to the Board of Regents his resignation 
of the presidency of the University, and on July 15 he 
formally retired from the office which he had held for 
approximately twenty years, to become President Emer- 
itus. Dr. David Prescott Barrows was appointed Presi- 
dent of the University, by unanimous vote of the Board 
of Regents, on December 2, 1919, and entered immediately 
into the active performance of the duties that were laid 
upon him. His formal inauguration as President took 
place at the fifty-second annual celebration of Charter 
Day, Tuesday, March 23, 1920. The general programme 
of the Inaugural and Charter Day Celebration, which 
began on Wednesday, March 17, was in large part 
devoted to a study of international problems involved 
in the relations of the United States of America with the 
peoples of the Pacific, 



[«] 



GENERAL ORDER OF EVENTS 

AND 

CHARTER DAY INAUGURAL EXERCISES 



GENERAL ORDER OF EVENTS 

Wednesday, March 17 

8:30 p.m. Concert. Chamber Music Society of San Francisco — 
Auditorium, Wheeler Hall. 

Thursday, March 18 

4:00 p.m. Address by Dr. Tasuku Haeada, Former President of 

the Doshisha University, Japan — Auditorium, Wheeler 

Hall. 
8:00 p.m. Concert by Alfked Cortot, French pianist — Harmon 

Gymnasium. 

Friday, March 19 

4:00 P.M. Lecture by Maurice Maeterlinck — Greek Theatre. 
7:00 p.m. Annual Phi Beta Kappa Dinner and Initiation — Town 
and Gown Clubhouse. 

Saturday, March 20 

2:30 P.M. Festival Concert. San Francisco Orchestral Society — 
Greek Theatre. 

Conductor: Vladimir Shavitich. 
Soloists: Alice Gentle, Soprano. 
Tina Lerner, Pianist. 
Lawrence Strauss, Tenor. 
8:00 P.M. Reception to President and Mrs. Barrows, given by the 
Berkeley Post of the American Legion — Hearst Hall. 

Sunday, March 21 

3:00 P.M. Address by Dr. Paul Samuel Eeinsch — Auditorium, 

Wheeler Hall. 
4:00 p.m. Half -Hour of Music- — Greek Theatre. 

Kajetan Attl, Harpist, with the San Francisco Sym- 
phony Orchestra. 
4:00-6:00 P.M. President and Mrs. Barrows received the Delegates — 
President's House. 

Monday, March 22 

2:30 P.M. Address of Welcome to Delegates — Dean Merriam, 
Auditorium, Wheeler Hall. 

4:00 P.M. The Faculty Research Lecture. 

Subject: Color and Molecular Structure. 
Lecturer: Professor G. N. Lewis. 

Eoom 300, Chemistry Building. 

7:00 P.M. Dinner tendered to President Barrows and the Dele- 
gates from foreign countries by the San Francisco 
Chamber of Commerce — ^Palace Hotel. 

Tuesday, March 23 

10:30 A.M. Inaugural and Charter Day Exercises, Governor William 
D. Stephens, President of the Regents, presiding — 
Greek Theatre. 
4:00-6:00 P.M. President and Mrs. Barrows received the Members of 
the Faculty, Alumni, Delegates, and Guests of the 
University — University Library. 
7:00 P.M. Alumni Banquet — Hotel Oakland. 



[xiii] 



CHARTER DAY INAUGURAL EXERCISES 

Governor William Dennison Stephens presiding 

Aeademie Procession 

Processional March StricUen 

Univeksity Orchestea 

Invocation 

Bishop Adna Weight Leonard 

Song : Hail to California 

Students op the University 

Gifts to the University 

Oratorio Selection : The Heavens are Telling Haydn 

University Choeus and University Orchestra 

Addresses of Greeting to the President of the University 

Eepresentatives of the Delegates, Alumni, and Faculties 

Presentation of the President of the University 
Governor William Dennison Stephens 
President of the Eegents 
Inaugural Address 

President David Peescott Barrows 

Hymn : God, our Help in Ages Past. 
Benediction 



[xiv] 



ADDRESSES 



THE NEW SPIKIT OF JAPAN IN POLITICAL 
EECONSTEUCTION 

An Address Delivered by Dr. Tasuku Harada, Former 

President op the Doshisha University, Japan, 

IN THE Auditorium op Wheeler Hall, 

Thursday, March 18, 1920. 

Peesident Baeeows. I am very pleased to announce 
that we shall be addressed this afternoon by Dr. Tasuku 
Harada, who until quite recently has been President of 
the Doshisha University at Kyoto, in Japan. Doshisha 
University is an institution of interest to Americans. It 
was founded years ago by a heroic young Japanese, 
who, soon after the opening of Japan to intercourse with 
the western world, came to this country, received his 
education at Amherst, I think, originally, and secured 
American support for the establishment in Japan of the 
institution which has come to be known as Doshisha Uni- 
versity at Kyoto. Dr. Harada is himself an alumnus of 
Yale University. He has been renewing his acquaint- 
ance with this country, having been here repeatedly 
before, and has been speaking to interested audiences. 
He has given the Lowell Lectures at Cambridge, and has 
repeated the same course of lectures recently at Pomona 
College. We are privileged to hear him this afternoon. 
He is to speak to us upon the interesting subject of 
"The New Spirit of Japan in Political Eeconstruction. " 
I take great pleasure in introducing to you Dr. Harada. 

Dr. Haeada. Mr. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen: 
It is with a sense of great honor and pleasure that I have 
accepted the kind invitation of the President of this 



2 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

University to speak from this platform. I am going to 
speak this afternoon on political and social reconstruc- 
tion in modern Japan, and I may remind you that this 
is one of a series of lectures which I gave in the Lowell 
Institute in Boston. 

' ' The development of Japan in the course of the past 
forty years has been something altogether unprecedented 
in human history. Even Europeans who witnessed, close 
at hand, the changes that were taking place by no means 
fully appreciated what was going on under their own 
eyes. The transformation from feudalism to modern 
capitalism, which has not been achieved in the most ad- 
vanced European countries within a period of four hun- 
dred years, was accomplished in Japan in a tenth part 
of that time. From first to last, the whole story has been 
most dramatic. A people described, not fifty years ago, 
by one of the shrewdest of our ambassadors as 'highly 
intelligent children,' became, between 1870 and 1910, one 
of the great powers of the world; fighting, negotiating, 
treaty-making, manufacturing, trading on at least equal 
terms with European nations, from whom in that short 
space of time they had learnt all the essentials of modern 
military and industrial life. ' 

I quote this description of the growth of Japan from 
H. M. Hyndman 's recent book, ' ' The Awakening of Asia. ' ' 
I do so purposely because I wish to let some other than 
myself give an estimate of the modern development of 
my native land and because I believe it represents what 
fair-minded people outside of Japan think of our people. 
But, as you know, Japan is not a new country or a young 
nation. Her history dates from many centuries back of 
the Christian era. The first Emperor, the direct ancestor 
of the ruling dynasty, reigned, it is said, in the seventh 
century before Christ, that is, in the days of Jeremiah or 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BARE0W8 3 

Ezekiel of Bible history. I have no time here to dwell on 
the history of Japan, or on the inhabitants or the geo- 
graphical aspects of the land which was for many cen- 
turies isolated from and nearly unknown to the western 
world. 

The modern history of Japan begins with the so-called 
"Restoration" of fifty -two years ago, which marks the 
watershed dividing the old and the new Japan. It was 
a revolution by which the sovereignty was restored to the 
royal throne from the Shogunate which assumed the 
active political power for many centuries. It brought the 
unification of the whole empire under a central govern- 
ment, abolishing the feudal system which had partitioned 
the country into more than three hundred larger or 
smaller states. The war between China and Japan of 
1894^95 and the Eusso-Japanese war of 1904r-1905 were 
acid tests of Japan as a nation. She fought against her 
older or stronger neighbors for the sake of her self- 
preservation, and revealed in a marked degree the 
strength and the spirit of New Japan as she has been 
trained in modern methods. These two events have 
naturally given the people a real national consciousness, 
as a united nation, for the first time in their history. 

The Restoration was the greatest revolution Japan has 
ever witnessed, socially as well as politically. For nearly 
three hundred years preceding that event Japan had 
adhered to the policy of sealing up the country and ex- 
cluding the alien. Tranquility ruled the whole domain, 
both far and near. This isolation, therefore, was not 
altogether harmful — ^it helped, on the contrary, the de- 
velopment of the feudal system with its manifold aspects, 
and to a great extent the culture of art and literature. 
The Samurai, the knights or gentry class attached to the 
various clans, had become an institution. In citadel cities 



4 UNIVBESITT OF CALIFORNIA 

and towns were established schools for their literary and 
military education, and they flourished, the whole being 
crowned with a University Hall in Yedo, now Tokyo. 
The customs and manners and etiquette of social inter- 
course were cultivated in detail, attaining a high degree 
of delicacy as well as elegance, as seen, for instance, in 
the elaborate ceremony of tea-drinking and the exquisite 
performance of the no dance — and I might digress to say 
that "no" is the name of a dance. In a word, the real 
background of modern Japan may be found in this period 
of the Tokugawa Shogunate. 

For ten years before the coming of your Commodore 
Perry in 1853 and ten years after, Japan was passing 
through a period of agony and struggle which has given 
a new birth to the nation. It was in this period that 
Japan produced a remarkably large number of ambitious 
statesmen and masterful leaders in various walks of life, 
men of self-sacrificing zeal for their country. Parallels 
of such a panorama of great characters may be found in 
England's history during the reigns of Elizabeth and 
Victoria, and in the United States of America after the 
Civil War. Iwakura, Okubo, Kido, Katsu, Ito, Okuma, 
and Yamagata, among statesmen; Saigo, Togo, Nogi, 
Oyama, among generals and admirals; Iwasaki and 
Shibusawa in business administration; Fukugawa and 
Neeshima in education, were the pioneers in the progres- 
sive and liberal development of Japan during the early 
decades of the Meiji era. Some of them are still living. 

The late Meiji Tenno, the Emperor, was, I believe, one 
of the greatest, if not the greatest, of the characters 
Japan has produced in all ages. It is not because he 
occupied a majestic throne, nor because he came in an 
opportune moment of the nations rise, that I say this. 
His personality was, I believe, far greater than the crown 



INAU6UEATI0N OF PEESIDENT BAREOWS 5 

he wore. The testimony of the ministers and courtiers 
who served him intimately for many years, and especially 
hundreds of thousands of poetical stanzas composed by 
him day after day through many years and now compiled 
into many volumes, reveal most clearly his high ideals, 
his good judgment, and his profound knowledge of human 
life. 

He was, of course, associated with a number of able 
men in his administration, but he was the one who ruled 
over them all, with the utmost impartiality and unusual 
wisdom. It is said he seldom expressed a premature 
judgment, but, once decided, he never altered the path he 
chose. Rigorously simple and frugal himself, magnani- 
mous toward the people, always progressive yet construc- 
tive and optimistic, he was the fittest sovereign with whom 
heaven blessed the new era of Japan. It was natural 
enough that at the death of the Emperor the sorrow and 
grief of the people were profound beyond expression and 
lasting. The royal mausoleum in Momoyama, near Kyoto, 
is the Mecca of endless pilgrimages even unto this day. 
Uyehara, the author of "The Political Development of 
Japan," says of him: "In spirit and sentiment, the 
Mikado was the paterfamilias, and the people were the 
members of his household, and this attitude was, as a 
rule, maintained between the sovereign and his subjects." 
It was specially true in the case of the late Emperor, who 

said: 

Oh, God in heaven! 
If there be a deed of sin, 
Thy wrath to merit, 
Punish me ; the people spare, 
All are children of my care. ' ' 

It was the Emperor Komei, the father of Meiji, who 
is said to have fasted and prayed for the country in its 
turbulent hours, his supplication being that his life might 



6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOBlSriA 

be accepted as a substitute for the safety of his country. 
That a sentiment of the same kind prompted the late 
Shogun to resign his position of authority is to be seen 
in a remarkable memorial he presented to the Mikado at 
the Restoration. He said in that memorial : "It is earn- 
estly believed by your servant that the interest of the 
country may be best advanced and its position best main- 
tained among the nations of the world by the awakening 
of public opinion and by the patriotic and unanimous 
cooperation of all." In accepting the Shogun 's resigna- 
tion and assuming for himself the reins of government, 
the Emperor proclaimed to his subjects that it was his 
will to establish the new government on the basis of the 
first Emperor Jimmu, and to share his fortune with all 
the people by having each contribute toward the fair and 
proper discussion of public affairs, without any distinc- 
tion of civil or military profession. 

The resignation of the Shogun was followed by that 
of the feudal nobles, who voluntarily surrendered all 
their hereditary rights of caste because they believed the 
welfare of the country demanded such action. Millions 
of Samurai of various clans then followed the example 
of their superiors, relinquishing their favors and privi- 
leges and contenting themselves with being treated on an 
equality with the common people. This is what Sir Oliver 
Lodge called the public spirit of Japan — and I quote from 
his book on "Modern Problems": "Witness the mag- 
nificent spectacle of Japan today, the state above the 
individual, common good above personal good, sacrifice 
of self and devotion to the community — these great quali- 
ties, on which every nation has risen to glory, were never 
displayed more brightly in the history of the world than 
before our eyes. It is a nation which is saturated 
and infused with public spirit, the spirit of the race, 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAREOWS 7 

enthusiasm for the comnmnity and for the welfare of 
humanity. This is the spirit which elevates cities. It is 
this which makes a nationality. It is this which will 
some day renovate mankind." 

The way had thus been prepared for the installation 
of the new government. The principles that guided the 
new government under this Emperor have been most 
clearly expressed by the Emperor himself in the Royal 
Proclamation issued soon after his inauguration. This I 
may call the Magna Charta for the government and the 
people of the New Japan. 

"On the fourteenth day of the third month of the first year 
of Meiji (March 14, 1868) His Majesty the Emperor, being 
present at the Shishin Temple of the Palace, declared the funda- 
mental principles of the Restoration : 

"First. An assembly shall be organized on a broad basis. 
All policies (of the state) should be decided by public opinion. 

"Second. Both government and people shall be united in one 
heart. Every undertaking should be pushed with vigor. 

"Third. Civil and military classes and also commoners shall 
each carry out their aims without distinction. It is necessary that 
the spirit of the nation shall not be tired out. 

"Fourth. Mean usages of the past should be destroyed. All 
things shall be founded on the universal law (or way) of heaven 
and earth. 

"Fifth. Knowledge should be sought in the wide world. 
Foundations of the royal realm shall be firmly established. ' ' 

Kawakami, the author of "Japan in Peace," says: 
"The direct occasion for this remarkable proclamation 
was the advent -of the black ships, those monstrous levia- 
thans from the West, threatening the coasts of Japan. 
Confronted by the danger of foreign domination, the far- 
seeing leaders who had been assisting the Mikado con- 
sidered it imperative to abolish the caste system, raze 
the political barriers which had separated the various 
classes from one another, and thus mould the country 



8 UNIVEKSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

into one harmonious whole. They believed this reform 
to be the first requisite of national efficiency. ' ' 

To begin with, the new government abolished the dis- 
tinction of classes among the people — Samurai, peasants, 
artisans, and merchants, although the name "Samurai" 
has been kept as a nominal title for the descendants of 
all military classes. It is true that the peerage or 
"flowery class" is still in existence, consisting of feudal 
nobles and new nobilities established in the new regime, 
but the peerage, up to the highest rank of "prince," is 
open to any one whose merits have been recognized by 
the government, as in the case of Princes Ito and Yama- 
gata, who have been gradually promoted from among the 
ordinary class of Samurai to the highest rank of prince. 

Let me quote a few passages from the "History of the 
Japanese People," by Brinkley: "Meanwhile the gov- 
ernment," he says, "has been strenuously seeking to 
equip the people with the products of Western civiliza- 
tion. It has been shown that the men who sat in the seats 
of power during the first decade of the Meiji era owed 
their exalted position to their own intelligent superiority 
and far-seeing statesmanship." At the same time, the 
advancement of modern Japan is in no small degree due 
to the aid given by the foreigners in the employ of the 
new government. "In general," he goes on to say, "the 
direction of the work was divided among foreigners of 
different nations." You may be interested to know this 
division of labor. "Frenchmen were employed in revis- 
ing the Criminal Code and in teaching strategy and 
tactics to the Japanese army. The building of railways, 
the installation of telegraphs and of lighthouses, and the 
new navy, were turned over to English engineers and 
sailors. Americans were employed in the formation of 
a postal service, in agricultural reforms, and in planning 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 9 

colonization and an educational system. In an attempt to 
introduce occidental ideas of art, Italian sculptors and 
painters were brought to Japan. And German experts 
were asked to develop a system of local government, to 
train Japanese physicians, and to educate army officers." 

This was the beginning of the reconstruction of New 
Japan. But the work of reconstruction on the new basis 
was not completed in a moment. It has been carried out 
gradually and deliberately. And to describe briefly a few 
of the steps that have led to the realization of the present 
political condition, I may mention some of the more im- 
portant events. Within a period of a few months after 
the declaration of the oath a deliberative assembly was 
established by the new government. Its members were 
not appointed by the government but by the local gov- 
ernments — and the declaration of the oath was a royal 
proclamation. In 1875 the so-called senate was created 
as the forerunner and in preparation for the opening of a 
national assembly. In 1878 local assemblies were con- 
vened, one in each prefecture. These and other steps of 
self-government prepared the people for the declaration 
of the new constitution of 1889. 

I have not the time to speak fully about the situation, 
but the Imperial Diet, according to the Constitution, con- 
sists of two houses, the House of Peers and that of the 
Eepresentatives. The former corresponds to the House 
of Lords and the latter to the House of Commons in Great 
Britain. The seats in the House of Representatives num- 
ber 381. The right of suffrage for the election of mem- 
bers of this house is granted to Japanese male subjects 
of twenty-five years of age or more who pay a direct 
national tax of three yen, which is about a dollar and 
fifty cents. Every Japanese male subject who has attained 
the age of not less than thirty years is eligible to election, 



10 UNIVERSITY OF CALIPOENIA 

excluding, of course, those who are mentally incapacitated 
or are deprived of civil rights. 

Thus the constitutional monarchy has been established 
and has been in practice for the past thirty years. But 
you must not think that Japan has always had fair sail- 
ing. Let me mention some of the adverse currents that 
have counteracted the development of the country. Soon 
after the Eestoration, conservatives gathered their forces, 
especially in the southwestern prefectures, where they 
joined with other complainers against the government. 
Fortunately these forces were stamped out with the fall 
of the Saigo Rebellion. Next the opposition turned 
out to be radical. In fact as early as 1874 a number of 
the politicians of the time addressed a memorial to the 
government and requested the establishment of a repre- 
sentative system of government. It is thus to be noticed 
that the liberal movement in Japan is not so recent as 
many people suppose. 

Later in the seventies and eighties a political organ- 
ization to urge the establishment of a national assembly 
was started in various prefectures, and the struggle be- 
tween the opposing factions went on for more than two 
decades before the Constitution was proclaimed in 1889. 
It was in those days that the revolutionary ideas of the 
French took strong hold on many young men. Histories 
of the revolution in France and the translation of Rous- 
seau's "Social Contract" and similar literature were 
widely read and admired. The politicians and young men 
loudly clamored for freedom and popular rights. Under 
such circumstances the government, frightened by this 
ultra-radical movement, inclined itself to a reactionary 
policy of a distinctly conservative nature. I am therefore 
obliged to say that, to the regret of many friends of pro- 
gress, the Meiji government, which started its career with 



INATJGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 11 

such a splendid outlook toward democracy, now moved 
backward, particularly in the administration of political 
affairs. And it is especially to be deplored that such a 
reactionary spirit, largely influenced at that time by the 
political theories of German writers, was exerted at the 
moment when the new constitution was taking form in 
the hands of the government leaders. 

It was in those days of the eighties that the cry "Pre- 
serve the spirit of Japan," or "Japan for the Japanese," 
resounded through the land. Magazines and books were 
published to aid this propaganda, and were widely circu- 
lated. It has considerably hampered the Anglo-Saxon 
influence of earlier days, as well as the religious work of 
Christian missionaries, which had been moving on by 
leaps and bounds for some years past. One of the most 
prominent victims of the reactionary movement among 
scholars is Dr. Hiroyuki Kato, later the President of 
Tokyo Imperial University and the author of "The 
Natural Eight of Man," who confiscated his own book 
and became a defender of Prussian political theories. 

The universities have been greatly influenced by Ger- 
man ideas of Kultur. The army, which was at first 
modeled after the French, has been gradually German- 
ized. German method, with its exact precision and com- 
prehensive organization, appealed strongly to the young 
minds of Japan, as it did, if I mistake not, to many 
Americans before the war. Japanese students flocked to 
German universities and later occupied important posi- 
tions in the government and in the institutions of higher 
learning. i 

However, in order to understand the reason for this 
reactionary movement, you have to remember the political 
and economic situation of Japan twenty or more years 
ago. "The compelling cause,' says Dr. Sidney Gulick, 



12 UNTVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 

''for the collapse of the Anglo-Saxon democratizing influ- 
ence was Japan's discovery of her own danger, both 
political and economic. The governments of Europe, she 
saw, were organized on a basis of force rather than of 
right. She saw them engaged in world-wide rivalry for 
the possession of those countries which were weak, back- 
ward, and unable, by physical force, to def -^nd themselves 
from European aggressors. The native peoples of the 
Americas, of Africa, of south and north Asia, and of all 
the Pacific Ocean, had already been swallowed up by the 
aggressive white races of Europe. In the Par East, 
China and Japan alone remained unappropriated. This 
discovery brought a horrible chill to every thoughtful 
Japanese. Not her intrinsic civilization nor her attain- 
ments in appreciating or appropriating the moral, intel- 
lectual, and political achievements of the most advanced 
nations of the West would of themselves protect her from 
the engulfing swirl of European militant domination. 
Only by her own military might could she hope to con- 
front their military might and maintain her independent 
right. They saw that 'preparedness' was essential to 
safety in such a world as Europe had created." 

Had it not been for military protection, what might 
have been the present state of Japan? Professor John 
Dewey — and Professor Dewey is of Columbia University 
and has visited the Par East — very recently wrote: "It 
was European imperialism that taught Japan that the 
only way in which it could be respected was to be strong 
in military and naval force. ' ' And, further on, he says : 
"Until the world puts less confidence in military force 
and deals out justice internationally or on some other 
basis than command of force, the progress of democracy 
in Japan will be uncertain." 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 13 

Now, one event that has counteracted the German 
tendency occurred in 1902. I refer to the Anglo- Japanese 
alliance. And this Anglo-Japanese alliance, which 
obliged Japan to take the side of the allies in the begin- 
ning of the world war, really, I believe, saved our country 
from many temptations in the world war. But the 
dramatic ending of the war and the downfall of the 
Central Powers of Europe had an especially fortunate 
psychological effect upon the Japanese mind. The appal- 
ling catastrophe of German militarism and the victory in 
the war of democratic nations were nothing less than a 
revelation to the militaristic people of Japan. The liberal 
movement on the contrary has gone forward with amaz- 
ing speed since the close of the great war — yes, it began 
even before the armistice. The people are clamoring for 
more liberty and more rights. Laborers are slowly but 
surely awakening to consciousness. I believe the most 
hopeful thing in Japan is the rising tide of the liberal 
movement in political and other spheres. There are of 
course conservatives, but the liberals are leading. 

It is significant that among the leading spirits in the 
liberal movement are a number of Christian professors, 
publicists, and journalists. The Christian Church has 
always supplied a disproportionate share of the leader- 
ship and the motive power for liberalism and reform in 
modern Japan. And since the armistice it has uttered 
through the Federation of Churches a striking pronounce- 
ment interpreting to the nation the meaning of the war 
and pointing out the dangers of democracy when it is 
separated from its nursing mother, Christianity. Let me 
quote one sentence from that pronouncement: "Today a 
new situation lies before us. The idea of democracy is 
spreading like a swelling flood, with irresistible force. 



14: UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOBNIA 

Humanity is to be revolutionized and society recon- 
structed from its very foundation. This, indeed, is a 
world force, and nothing can halt it. This tendency, 
however, if left to itself, may be attended with danger. ' ' 

For the first time in Japan a commoner, Mr. Kei Hara, 
became the prime minister. With him was associated 
Viscount Uchida, also originally a commoner and once a 
student in Doshisha, whose wife was a graduate of the 
girls' school of the same university as well as of Bryn 
Mawr College in America. Mr. Tokonami, the minister 
of the interior, is also a commoner, a broad and liberal- 
minded statesman. One of the first moves of the new 
cabinet was the revision of the new constitution in regard 
to the extension of franchises — that is, the amount of tax 
as a qualification for voting was reduced from ten yen to 
three yen, or from about five dollars to a dollar and a half. 
Military rules in Kwantung Peninsula, Korea, and For- 
mosa have been abolished, and a new spirit of democracy 
manifests itself in many other ways. But I think you will 
have noticed from the papers that an agitation is going 
on in Japan for universal suffrage, that is, the extension 
of the franchise to all male subjects over twenty-one years 
of age. So I may say the people at the present time are 
far in advance of these liberal government leaders. 

That the status of women holds an important place in 
the social reconstruction of any country goes without say- 
ing. I believe I may say that the position of women in 
Japan has never been so low as in other countries in Asia. 
They have always had more freedom and responsibility 
at home, and in society as a rule they have had more 
liberty of action than their Asiatic sisters. In ancient 
times we find not a few women taking a prominent part 
in affairs or attaining literary fame. Of one hundred and 
twenty-four sovereigns in all, we have had nine female 



INAUGTJEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 15 

sovereigns, the last one reigning in tile eighteenth cen- 
tury. The introduction of Buddhism and Confucianism, 
however, did not improve, but degraded, the position of 
women in Japan, for, as you know. Oriental religions 
have had a tendency to look down on women as inferior 
beings and to treat them accordingly. 

Now, to show that tendency, I am going to quote here 
from a writer who has summed up all the leading tenets 
of Confucius regarding women — and Confucian ethics 
were the standard of morality for many hundred years, 
as you know. First: Women are naturally inferior to 
men. Second: The education of women should be re- 
stricted to elementary reading and writing. Third: 
Woman's primal duty is obedience. Fourth: Men and 
women above seven years of age shall not sit together — 
that would not apply for a coeducational institution. 
Fifth: Woman shall have no voice in selecting her hus- 
band. Sixth : The husband shall have the absolute right 
to rule the wife. Thus the woman was literally given in 
marriage by her family, and when married, had to render 
absolute obedience to her husband's parents. Whatever 
property she brought became the possession of her new 
family. And there were seven reasons recognized by 
custom for any one of which she could be sent back, 
divorced, to her father's household: barrenness, adultery, 
disrespect to her father-in-law or mother-in-law, loquac- 
ity, theft, jealousy, and foul disease. The astonishing 
thing is that nothing has been said of man's duty to his 
wife. 

But with the appearance of Western influence at the 
dawn of the Meiji era great changes began in the social 
and family life as well as in business and polities. Many 
elements of the old patriarchal systems are of course in 
evidence today. But there is no doubt that the principle 



16 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 

of individualism is steadily gaining ground. The present 
civil codes were compiled after years of careful study 
and became operative on the 16th of July, 1898. By the 
new legislation marriage is recognized as an act requir- 
ing much formality and is legalized upon report to the 
proper government registrar. In securing divorce mutual 
consent and judicial decision are recognized as conditions. 
And women are entitled to own their own property after 
marriage. 

Now one of the great factors in promoting the position 
of women is education. The education of women made 
wonderful progress within the last two decades. It was 
only forty or fifty years ago, I remember, that a girl was 
considered masculine and unwomanly if she were able to 
read and write beyond a few poems. Nowadays all girls 
of school age are under compulsory education in the 
primary schools and there is no distinction between sexes. 
Above the primary education there are three hundred and 
twenty middle schools, counting only the government 
schools, for boys, and three hundred and sixty-six of these 
high schools for girls. There are two higher normal col- 
leges for women, one privately endowed university, and 
several schools of college grade, missionary and other 
private institutions. There are 1778 teachers in kinder- 
gartens, and of course all of them are women. Nearly 
half of the 42,423 primary school teachers also are women, 
and the number is increasing yearly. The granting of 
licenses for women physicians began in 1884. Hundreds 
of them are practicing medicine now. In one medical 
college for women in Tokyo alone more than three hun- 
dred students were enrolled last year. In two of the 
imperial universities women are allowed to be matricu- 
lated. Two of them have received recently the Gakushi 
title, corresponding to your bachelor's degree. It may be 



INAUGIJEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 17 

very insignificant from the American standpoint, since 
yon have so many colleges for women. But you must re- 
member it is not very long since English and German 
universities first granted to women equal privileges with 
men. Thus the activity of women, which was entirely 
confined to the home in the old regime, is gradually broad- 
ening out to include many lines. As the woman of the 
West, so is the modern Japanese woman progressing in 
thought and action. 

Another sign of the times is the awakening of Japan 
to social problems. The rice riot of a year ago last sum- 
mer was a very significant event in modern Japan. 
Strikes of all sorts are at present a matter of almost daily 
occurrence. There were in 1916 108 strikes ; in 1917 there 
were 397; and in 1919 I should not be surprised if the 
number has tripled. The eight-hour-day rule has already 
been put into practice for railway men under government 
administration and by at least one large spinning com- 
pany in Osaka. The chamber of commerce at Osaka, the 
center of industry in Japan, has passed a resolution 
recommending this principle. 

In commenting on the International Labor Conference 
in Washington, in November of last year, a daily paper of 
New York remarked: "Nothing could better reveal the 
Japanese spirit of today than the varied and overwhelm- 
ing group of experts, advisers, and correspondents which 
Japan has sent to the Conference. In numbers, they 
have exceeded any other national representation." 

The Japanese government, it is reported, proposes the 
establishment of two bureaus, a labor bureau, directly 
under the control of the premier, and a social affairs 
bureau, under the home office. 

From these brief descriptions of the development of 
Japan, I think you will allow me to say that the spirit of 



18 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

humanity, or the spirit of democracy, the principles that 
underlie the very foundation of modern civilization, are 
gradually but steadily taking hold of the soul of Japan. 
She could no longer stay out of the international whirl- 
pool, either in commercial and industrial matters, or in 
the concerns of the social and moral life of the nation. 
She is confronted by all kinds of serious problems, some 
national and peculiar to herself, but others universal and 
common to all advanced nations. 

In conclusion, let me say : To many people, it seems 
to me, the name "republic" sounds like a blessed state of 
the millenium, while to many "monarchy" suggests a 
nation oppressed under the burden of militarism. But 
no one will believe that the English people enjoy less free- 
dom than do the Portuguese under the forms of repub- 
lican government, nor are the people of the Mexican 
republic nearer to the millenium than the people of the 
kingdom of Belgium. 

I think it was Dr. Lyman Abbott who said, "Democ- 
racy is more than a form of government ; it is a spirit of 
life. ' ' The spirit of democracy, allow me to say, is not a 
monopoly of the republican form of government. To my 
mind, the old spirit of loyalty of the Japanese and the 
new spirit of democracy are not necessarily mutually 
exclusive. The new spirit of internationalism and uni- 
versal brotherhood, absorbing the old spirit of loyalty, 
will, I am sure, win the day, for the same reason that the 
great war ended in the victory of truth, justice, and 
humanity. 



INAUGXJEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 



THE EBSPONSIBILITIES OP EDUCATIONAL INSTI- 
TUTIONS FOR THE FUTURE AMERICAN 
POLICY IN THE PACIFIC 

An Address Delivebed by De. Paui^ Samuel Reinsch 

IN THE Auditorium of Wheeler Hall, 

Sunday, March 21, 1920. 

Dr. John C. Mbreiam. During this week we celebrate 
the fifty-second anniversary of the University. We also 
celebrate the beginning of another epoch in the history 
of this institution, marked by the introduction into the 
presidency of Dr. David Prescott Barrows. In this period 
which is before us we realize the unmistakeable need for 
the leadership of men who have concerned themselves 
with world affairs and especially for the guidance of those 
who know particularly well the affairs of the Pacific 
region in which our first responsibility lies. During this 
week we shall give large place to consideration of matters 
which concern the world problems of the Pacific region. 
It is therefore with the greatest of pleasure that we have 
found it possible to have with us today Dr. Paul Keinsch, 
former Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary to the Republic of China. Dr. Reinsch is to address 
us today on "The Responsibilities of Educational Insti- 
tutions for the Future American Policy in the Pacific." 
I introduce to you Dr. Reinsch. 

De. Reinsch. Ladies and Gentlemen: With your per- 
mission, I shall take a rather broad view of the subject 
that has been assigned for this discourse. The occasion 
which brings us here today, the beginning of a new 



20 ITNIVEESITY OF CALIT'ORNIA 

administration in the University of California, coincides 
with the opening of a new vista on the development of 
mankind, consequent upon the ending of the great war 
with all its suffering and sacrifice. If this war has left 
a permanent heritage, it must surely be found in a higher 
valuation of humanity in comparison with the mechanism 
of civilization which is merely its instrument. Indeed, 
the mechanism which was set in motion in the course of 
the war was itself astounding, and a remarkable proof 
of the genius of mankind in overcoming unbelievable 
difficulties. But the sense of all our efforts and sacrifices 
during the war was to counteract and destroy the effect 
of mere mechanism ; we were menaced by the most perfect 
mechanical organization the world has ever seen. Against 
this soulless sublimation of brute force, humanity has suc- 
cessfully asserted itself. It has remained dominant, un- 
daunted in joint effort and individual sacrifice. Still 
living as in a daze after these experiences, we yet are 
confident that this victorious assertion of humanity is a 
permanent achievement, one that may compensate for all 
the sacrifices of the war. But we must in turn ourselves 
be on our guard not to be conquered anew by the spirit of 
dead mechanism and soulless efficiency. Humanity must 
continue to assert itself and we must emphasize in all 
action and all relations the human and humane element. 

It is in view of this situation that our contact with the 
Far East is at the present time of special interest. China, 
the great mother of Far Eastern civilization, has an im- 
portant lesson to teach. In this we are thinking of the 
permanent China, of the China of thirty generations, 
which has evolved a system under which hundreds of 
millions of men could live together in peace and equity 
for these thousands of years. The essential element of 
this civilization is its humanism, the fact that personal 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 21 

human relations rather than abstract principles of legal- 
ity form its foundation. The family, the clan, the busi- 
ness partnership, the guild, the official group, the intel- 
lectual family of teacher and pupils, these have been the 
essential things in Chinese life. There has been evolved 
a system of infinitely delicate personal adjustments, ac- 
companied by great mutual consideration; a high sense 
of personal dignity, expressing itself in outward man- 
ners ; and chief est of all a system of personal equity, alive 
among the people, by which all relations between man and 
man are adjusted. 

With respect to outward methods China has compara- 
tively little to teach us, but with respect to this funda- 
mental fact of what humanity and social relationship 
mean, a great deal. What she has to teach is not esoteric ; 
there is nothing of "subliminal essence," of "the sempi- 
ternal flux of spiritual powers ' ' ; there is nothing of that 
of which there is so much in Hinduism and in which Hindu- 
ism has made its chief contribution. All Chinese thought 
is founded upon common sense, elaborated into human 
relationship — simple, everyday, human wisdom, clear and 
constant, judging conduct and character, making for the 
keenest judgment of men. To it is applicable the phil- 
osophy of the "Leaves of Grass" rather than the more 
abstruse and abstract philosophies of India or the 
"Critique of Pure Eeason." The simple growth which' 
we observe in nature, quiet, unobtrusive — that, too, is the 
last word of Chinese social life. No fundamental convul- 
sions, although there may be unrest on the surface; no 
dramatic struttings on the political stage, but a quiet 
day-by-day growth. 

And think of the relations with the past living in this 
society, which is bound together by the indindual mem- 
ories of men and women connecting them wi,^h a distant 



22 TJNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 

past, remote as the age of Cliarle.magne, Caesar, or 
Romulus, brought right to the door of the present. Re- 
cently I met a Chinese gentleman in the capital of an 
interior province and asked him where his home was. He 
replied, "We are living at present at Taiku, but our home 
is in Shantung Province." When I asked, "How long 
since you have come to this province?" he said, "It is 
about six hundred years." His family home was still 
Shantung, and he looked upon himself as a compara- 
tively recent sojourner in the Province of Shansi. That 
gives us some idea of how family history and connections 
to the remotest times enter into the daily life, fortifying 
those humane and human relationships which I have 
pointed out. 

Thus it is also with the expression of Chinese civiliza- 
tion in art. Chinese do not reason very much about this, 
but they look upon art as something very much more than 
the mere decoration of walls. They know that it is the 
supreme expression of humanity. Their art is impersonal 
and human, at the same time dealing with the permanent 
aspects of life and experience. But when you consider 
that their art of painting is merely the development of 
handwriting, you will realize how close artistic expression 
stands to their personality. You can imagine, consider- 
ing handwriting alone, how much of human character can 
express itself in the tracing of those complicated word 
signs. In fact, Chinese writing is as interesting as any 
art. The force, deliberation, the finesse, with which the 
stroke is made, whether it is all done with the hand of a 
Franz Hals, in bold strokes, or whether it is delicately 
Avorked out, more slowly — from the handwriting the ex- 
perts immediately read the character and the aesthetic 
philosophy of the individual who has traced it. Chinese 
painting is simply an extension of handwriting. The 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BAREOWS 23 

word for "paint" is "write." My small boy astonished 
me by coming to me and saying, ' ' "Write me a big lion. ' ' 
I did not know why he used this word, but I found out 
later that "write" and "paint" or "draw" mean the 
same thing in Chinese, and he had translated the Chinese 
word. 

Chinese art is not personal in the sense of being sub- 
jective. It does not express moods, it does not lend itself 
to eccentricities and fads. It dwells upon permanent, 
fundamental qualities and characteristics. And it is ever 
striving for quality, not for wholesale production. As 
in social life the great product of Chinese civilization is 
equity, equity expressed in personal relationships, so in 
art it is quality, the valuation of excellence and the devo- 
tion of long time to producing supreme effects in propor- 
tion and color. We usually consider the Chinese and 
Greeks as antipodal — as indeed they are from the point 
of view of political experience, because there is no more 
unpolitical civilization than the Chinese, as there is none 
more political than the Greek — yet in the field of art they 
meet in an art that is impersonal, human, aiming at the 
essentials and distinguished by a supreme sense of pro- 
portion. That is the term that characterizes Chinese 
ideals in life and in art — just proportion, as in the Greek 
fiTiBev dryav (nothing in excess). 

With this civilization, we have come in contact only 
superficially thus far. First it was our merchant adven- 
turers, trading around Cape Horn over a hundred years 
ago, bringing the exotic products of Asia to our young 
eastern states. After the Civil War our trade did not 
develop so rapidly as this first promise would have indi- 
cated, and we are only now again at the starting point 
of greater trade expansion. This, indeed, is necessary, 
because the contact between the civilizations should be 



24 UNIVERSITY OF CALirOKNIA 

complete and should liave in it that specific and concrete 
interest which commerce and industry imply. A little 
later came the missionaries, after the middle of the nine- 
teenth century — as we know, by no means the black-coated, 
lugubrious individuals doling out dogma to unwilling 
natives whom the comic papers caricature. We who know 
their work know that it has been most important in bring- 
ing to the peoples of the Far East a conception of western 
ideals in religion, in life, and in science. In that vast 
population of China, for instance, there are here and there 
little centers where education is practiced according to 
western ideals, where useful trades are taught, where 
hospitals are set up; and the influence of those centers 
goes far beyond the numbers who are directly reached. 
But these men and women go to the Far East, after all, 
to take something to those countries; they go with an 
apostolic mission. There are among them students who 
have added to our knowledge of the Far East, but their 
life work is not that, so their great work is a step only in 
the direction of a complete understanding between the 
East and the West. 

The work of the men who are in charge of political 
relations is necessarily limited, in the first place, in point 
of numbers, and then because political interest and 
political action cannot reach deep into the bottom of 
public consciousness. Indeed, our diplomatic contact 
with the Far East has been singularly happy. In the first 
place we were enabled to help the Japanese out of their 
isolation of centuries, and we could hold over them during 
the formative period of their new national life a shielding 
hand, giving them that goodwill which we have never 
withheld from nationalities desirous of founding and de- 
veloping their independent life. China, the great mother 
country of Asia, has always enjoyed this goodwill on the 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARKOWS 25 

part of the American people and government. Our policy 
has at various times been able to be of signal service to 
China. Now that the Chinese are attempting to establish 
a modern representative government, modeled upon the 
lines of our own, our relations ought to be constantly more 
intimate and mutually helpful. 

But there is still more needed in order that we, as a 
nation, may appreciate what Far Eastern civilization 
means, may know it in its essence, may make it part of 
our own conception of life, guiding us to a still richer and 
fuller appreciation of human destiny than we could other- 
wise conceive by merely working upon those principles 
which we have inherited more directly from the European 
nations. Therein we need both interpretative scholarship 
and wide public interest; one to make known, the other 
to appreciate. China needs her Lafcadio Hearn — a man 
who would do for her rich and secular civilization as 
much as that great master of psychology and style did 
for Japan ; and Eastern Asia as a whole needs her Kip- 
ling, Ruskin, Robert Browning, Taine, Prescott, James 
Bryce, Henry James, as she has already found her John 
Dewey, who at the present time is writing memorable 
papers about Far Eastern civilization. 

It is there that the modern university has a noble and 
promising task to perform, and in the forefront of all the 
University of California, destined by its location at the 
gateway into the United States from the Far East to be 
the chief interpreter of the Orient to the American nation. 

At the present time a great many people are doubtful 
as to the tendencies of American university life. They 
feel that the universities are caught between vocational- 
ism and the fading remnants of the old classicism. They 
do not see any very definite, harmonious, constructive 
program ahead. It seems to me that the great task of the 



26 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

contemporary university lies in developing and making 
known to the people the new humanism. The old human- 
istic studies, as they existed in the eighteenth and down 
into the nineteenth century, were conceived rather as a 
shibboleth and distinction between men — between the 
gentleman and the mass. They did, indeed, afford train- 
ing, training in dialectic, training in discrimination. But 
what was emphasized was the intellectual distinctioti 
which they conveyed. The new humanism is as broad as 
humanity. It takes its materials not only from the classic 
past, but from the ample horizon of the present; and 
thus it must inform itself also from the humanism of the 
Far East. A narrow vocationalism is not democratic, as 
it is designed to fit men to be mere instruments and wheels 
in a mechanism. I am fully aware of the fact that among 
the most able and efficient experts in the various practical 
sciences there are a great many who do not conceive of 
vocationalism in that narrow way. They see that human- 
ity is uppermost, and that vocation is only the instrument 
through which a definite task is performed with the aid 
of expert knowledge. This knowledge, however, should 
all the time be informed with the general purposes of 
human civilization and strive to make itself an expression 
thereof. 

Among the student world there also is a certain 
amount of confusion as to aims. A great many students 
appear to look upon studies as a rather far-fetched reason 
for bringing together so many congenial young spirits. It 
has been noted by many Americans that university stu- 
dents in our country are not so intensely interested in the 
general destinies of mankind, in the broad problems of 
humanity, expressed in art, philosophy, and political 
thought, as are the university youth of other countries, 
for instance, on the continent of Europe or in China. I 



INAUaTJEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEROWS 27 

believe it is partly because we are a young nation that we 
decline to occupy ourselves overmuch with these general 
matters. But, after all, we have now come into a position 
of world-wide responsibility, where we need clear ideas. 
We must confess to ourselves at this particular time, after 
the war, while indeed we are yet stunned with its blows, 
that we seem to be particularly devoid of consistent 
leadership in world affairs. Such adequate leadership 
can only come if, from the bottom up, in the schools and 
universities of this country, an interest in these matters 
is cultivated. 

Here you stand at the gateway, not only in time at the 
beginning of new eras and developments, but in space, 
looking out upon the great highways of the Pacific. Are 
they to be looked upon as roads to power and privilege, 
to be fought over, to be reddened with human blood, or 
shall they be the highways of friendship and mutual aid 
in sharing all the blessings of a complete human civiliza- 
tion. Your imagination is stimulated to see what lies 
beyond — the realm of concentrated energy in the islands 
of Japan, the great center and mother country of Asiatic 
civilization in China, old in experience, new in promise of 
still undeveloped resources and achievement; the gor- 
geous splendor of the tropical islands, in some of which 
men of our nation wrought a work of improvement that 
has never yet been equalled for rapid and comprehensive 
effect. In all this vista our eyes and our minds return to 
dwell on the civilization of China, antique like Egypt, 
dignified and massive as the Pyramids, with her vast 
stream of humanity dominated by tried ideas of social 
equity. 

What does China mean to the world today, and to 
America? She represents the longest continuous ex- 
perience of humanity that the world has seen. She 



28 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

exemplifies to us institutions still at work similar to those 
which were in use among the primitive Romans — tested 
by time, adapted to new uses, but still the same in essence. 
But above all, she presents to us a system of social equity, 
in which social relations are so worked out as to have 
regard always to consideration for the equitable rights 
of other persons without any abstract theory of legality, 
solely through community wisdom and equity expressed 
in social judgments. That experience is indeed worth 
studying. It is worth knowing to a nation young as our 
own, threatened with a predominance of mechanism and 
machinery, desirous of finding the way by which humanity 
shall remain supreme. 

I have a feeling, ladies and gentlemen, that what is 
here at stake is of greater importance than any mechan- 
ical or artificial contrivance men can devise. If the 
humanity of China should be trodden under foot, if it 
should be wrenched from the traditions of its past, if all 
its wise equity should be lost to the world, no six Leagues 
of Nations could make up for the loss. I speak to you as 
one to whom this is not a matter of theory, but the ex- 
perience of everyday life for six years, and I feel that the 
humanity of China is one of the great things in the world 
which are not sufficiently known and appreciated, of 
which the Chinese themselves may become doubtful, 
should the world continue to reward qualities quite 
different. 

As to the methods for bringing about this closer 
knowledge of the East, I shall not detain you. It is im- 
portant that the spirit should exist — the desire to under- 
stand, the will to be just, the insistence that this civiliza- 
tion shall be given a chance, the determination to live in 
friendship and mutual equity with our neighbors on this 
great Pacific Ocean. Then the methods of interchange of 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BAREOWS 29 

scholarship, of investigation, of deepening public interest, 
will follow as a natural result. 

Your own university already has a fine tradition of 
humanism. A state institution, connected with the sover- 
eign power, it has from the start maintained the import- 
ance of human relationships. I do not know your history 
as well as I should like to, but among the humanists of 
America, that is, among those who have helped the Amer- 
ican nation to appreciate more fully what humanity 
means, there are the names of men who have been con- 
nected with this university. There is Henry Morse 
Stephens, the great historical scholar, who pursued the 
human factor in the upheaval of the French Revolution 
and then in the constructive work done by the European 
races throughout the world — a man who always gathered 
about him in very close personal friendship a large body 
of students. I think also of your outgoing President, 
who, deriving his inspiration from other ages, made the 
classics contribute to the upbuilding of American human- 
ism. Also I have in mind the guidance that is to be yours 
in the years now to come under a man of broad human- 
ity and experience, familiar with Far Eastern society 
from the practical point of view as one of those engaged 
in the splendid constructive work in the Philippines and 
also as an investigator of facts and policies during the 
war. Trained in the strict analytical methods of political 
science, he also has the breadth of vision to see the ten- 
dencies of other civilizations, however different from ours 
they may be, and he is fully alive to the importance of the 
part we are called to play in our relations with them. 

I forsee for your university a great future. I should 
not be here, I should not have taken the trip across the 
continent, had I not felt that this was an occasion of un- 
usual importance, at which I desired to be present. And, 



30 UNIVEBSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

in being here, I wish to bear testinaony to the feeling 
which I have expressed, that the great duty of the Amer- 
ican university now is to emphasize and put foremost the 
ideal of humanity; and also to the belief that among the 
great universities, California will be in the forefront in 
bringing about that understanding of Oriental civilization 
which is necessary to make our national experience com- 
plete and to let every important element of human ex- 
perience enter into our own. 

That is my heart 's desire, that we should get out of the 
terrible gloom and testing fire of death through which we 
have passed a clear and deep sense of the virtue of human- 
ity, and that in our country we shall never allow any 
abstract or mechanical contrivance to oppress its free 
development. Humanity above wealth, himianity above 
property, humanity above legality — all these useful in- 
strumentalities we need, but we must be clear in our 
minds that the chief aim of all is the freedom of men to 
feel and express their humanity and the safeguarding of 
their dignity as men. With that ideal in view, we may 
hope to bring about in this country of ours a humanity 
worthy of the great blessings which Providence has so 
lavishly bestowed upon us. No other nation has such a 
setting, no other nation has such a duty to unite within 
itself all that is great in the past experience of humanity 
and to carry it on to a still higher and nobler expression. 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAER0W8 



RECEPTION OF THE DELEGATES FROM OTHER 
UNIVERSITIES, MONDAY, MARCH 22, 1920 

Address op Welcome by Professor John C. Merriam. 

Responses by President Ray Lyman Wilbur, 

of Stanford University, and Professor 

Edwin R. A. Seligman, of 

Columbia University. 

ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MEEEIAM 

Like other institutions of learning on the West Coast, 
the University of California is set off in a peculiar class 
distinguished by its isolation from the great centers of 
educational activity of the East, as also by the unusual 
conditions of its immediate physical environment and the 
exceptional nature of its outlook upon the foreign coun- 
tries which are our nearest neighbors to the west. 

The earlier years of this University naturally saw here 
the evolution of peculiar customs, and a distinctive man- 
ner of thought, the growth of which was directed by the 
influence of an unusual environment in which we have 
developed without trammel of habit or tradition. Out of 
these first years came the origin of much in our life that 
is characteristically pioneer, Californian, and Pacific in 
our cast of mind and habit of learning. The sum of these 
qualities is an individuality not less clearly marked than 
that of Harvard or Oxford; an individuality giving ex- 
pression to freedom and vigor of thought such as one 
might expect in an institution situated on the frontier of 
civilization in surroundings distinguished by great con- 
trasts of topography, climate, and vegetation. Under 



32 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

these conditions there developed here the philosophy and 
natural history originating with Joseph LeConte; the 
agricultural chemistry of Eugene W. Hilgard; the 
Spanish- American studies of Bernard Moses; and the 
school of metaphysics and philosophy led by George H. 
Howison. 

With the coming of Benjamin Ide Wheeler in the last 
year of the last century, the University was connected 
with the life and scholarship of eastern United States and 
Europe more closely than in its early decades, and the 
influence of a great organizer and builder in the field of 
education gave us more fully the form and thought of 
the American university. In this administration came 
also rapid growth of the faculty, submerging the small 
group that had represented the standard and type of this 
institution during the first stage of its life. The University 
came to be more American, though not less Californian, 
and with this broader outlook it look a larger place in the 
affairs of the nation. But the influence of environment is 
cumulative ; with the passage of years President Wheeler 
was transformed into a Californian, and became a de- 
veloper of distinctively western creations arising from 
our freedom and initiative. 

With added experience in peculiarly Californian prob- 
lems, President Wheeler saw the increasing importance of 
our geographic position — a situation keeping us insepar- 
ably bound within the structure of the great American 
nation, but permitting us to develop a vigor of body and 
mind possible only in the protection of an isolation among 
natural surroundings of unusual stimulative influence. 
He saw also the great opportunity of this location as one 
of the vantage points from which America looks out 
toward the greatest and most populous of continents. It 
is not without significance that our honored President 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEROWS 33 

Emeritus is today in the Orient on a mission of coopera- 
tion concerning America and a great Asiatic nation. 

The two periods through which the University has 
passed mark, first, a stage of development of individuality 
distinctly local in origin, and a second stage distinguished 
by closer relationship to American ideals of education. 
Upon these ideals there were built characteristics that are 
generically American, though specifically Calif ornian, and 
show a beginning outlook over the broader field of world 
interest in the Pacific region. 

And now, following upon the natural steps of our de- 
velopment in size, in knowledge, and in vision, we come to 
a third stage. In it we enter upon an administration 
characterized by the presidency of a man distinguished as 
a Californian and an American, but whose field of active 
interest in science, in education, and in politics has related 
itself especially to the problems of the Pacific in the wider 
sense. 

The Eegents of the University have therefore con- 
sidered it desirable that the entrance of David Prescott 
Barrows into the duties of the presidency be made the 
occasion for directing special attention to certain of the 
most important relationships and responsibilities of this 
institution, especially those which concern our wider view 
over the Pacific region, next which we stand, and for the 
knowing and the interpretation of which no other Amer- 
ican institution can be held responsible in larger measure. 

It is significant that the entrance upon this new epoch 
in the history of the University follows immediately upon 
the greatest movement of all time for international organ- 
ization, an effort now slowed down almost to halting, 
largely by reason of inadequacy of knowledge of the world 
as a whole concerning the real issues involved. Never 
before have the woefully narrow limits of organized 



34 UNIVEESITY OP CALIFOENIA 

information on world questions been so clearly defined, 
and never was tlie need so great for unselfish men with a 
knowledge of this field perfect in its simplicity and com- 
plete in its comprehension of detail. 

On the map of the world there are areas in which 
uniformity of topography and climate, of economic prod- 
ucts, racial characteristics, language, and culture prevent 
contrasts of peoples, and therefore diminish the possibility 
of conflict in human interests. Eegions of marked con- 
trast, like the Balkans, are danger spots, in which con- 
tinued prosperity and peace can be obtained only by full 
knowledge and realization of the elements of danger, and 
by unselfish application of the fundamental principles of 
human government. 

Among the distinctive areas which must be set off on 
any map we must include the Pacific as a region showing 
unusual extent of physical uniformity, but bordered by 
marked contrasts in physical features and in human life. 
In the past, this uneasy ocean may well have deserved the 
name Pacific in the human sense — as it has assured peace 
through the magnitude of the barrier intervening between 
the bordering peoples, however sharp the contrast of their 
interests. Eecent years have seen this ocean contract as 
means of communication have advanced, speed and capac- 
ity of ships have increased, foreign trade has extended, 
and national interests have touched more and more closely 
around the world. Today we see the Pacific with its once 
widely separated bordering peoples brought nearer and 
nearer together, until the great barrier is in considerable 
measure removed, and nations long separated, and with 
naturally divergent aims, are thrown together. With this 
closer contact there comes increasing need for mutual 
understanding among the peoples concerned; and the 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BARROWS 35 

Pacific, from a region marking a gap between two edges 
of the world, becomes an area of prime significance in 
international affairs. In this time of world adjustment, 
when what concerns one nation touches all, we must 
recognize this area as presenting one of the most im- 
portant phases of the ultimate problem of world organ- 
ization. That the mutual help which now obtains among 
the nations of this region may be maintained is the prayer 
of all. But this future peace is in the keeping of knowl- 
edge, for not in power alone lies the guaranty of stability. 

Nowhere should the broad view of the whole problem 
of relations among these peoples have clearer expression 
than in great educational institutions, representing as 
they do the widest range of organized knowledge and the 
leadership of thought in every field of inquiry. It is there- 
fore fitting on this occasion to place before the delegates 
of educational institutions here assembled, the suggestion 
that a very large measure of responsibility rests upon us 
jointly for mutual support in the nations and peoples that 
we represent, in order that we may maintain prosperity 
and peace, which alone permit advance of science, art, 
culture, philosophy, and everything for which education 
stands. 

There are reasons for believing that organization of 
every university as an instrument for special considera- 
tion of these greatest questions would go far to assist in 
the continued advance of that kind of knowledge which we 
must be continuously assembling upon the matters funda- 
mental to harmonious development of the diverse national 
and social units of which the world is composed. The 
affairs of other nations may have seemed not to be our 
concern, but recent experience has shown us the expense 
of such neglect. No institution which fails to prepare both 



36 UNIVEESITY OP CALIFOKNIA 

its students and the community for real understanding 
and competent handling of the next great world issues can 
be considered as deserving a leading place in education 
and in constructive thought. 

The University of California has had set before it for 
several years need for adequate organization to bring the 
institution to function as a whole on the intricate prob- 
lems of international relations. In the hope that an out- 
line of this experience may bring your assistance and 
cooperation in furtherance of a larger plan, I may be 
permitted to present it in briefest terms. 

The University first came to realize fully the signifi- 
cance of the world problems finding their expression in 
the Pacific through consideration of the plans for the 
Panama-Pacific Exposition of 1915. It was then that we 
saw clearly the function of the university as an instru- 
ment for work upon such questions. In planning for the 
Exposition the views of our educational institutions were 
in part realized through scientific conferences, largely at- 
tended by delegates from many foreign lands. In these 
gatherings the foundations were laid for future inter- 
national cooperation reaching into many fields of 
knowledge. 

Following the Exposition, in November, 1915, the 
Academic Senate of the University of California gave 
consideration to certain problems concerning the wider 
relations of this institution, and adopted a resolution pro- 
posing that "this University give increased emphasis to 
the work of instruction and research in problems of inter- 
national and inter-racial relations ; and that a committee 
of the Senate be appointed to formulate a plan for organ- 
ization and expansion of instruction and research, having 
the definite purpose of assisting in promotion of amicable 
world relations." The committee appointed to carry out 



INATJGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEROWS 37 

the plan proposed in the resolution of the Academic 
Senate reported in September, 1916, in part as follows : 

"Your committee is also impressed with the magnitude of the 
area in this field over which it has not been possible to extend 
the activities of this institution. It is evident that a large part of 
the materials necessary for adequate judgments on international 
questions of greatest moment and of especial significance to the 
Commonwealth of California have, in proportion to their ultimate 
importance, much less adequate representation in the sum of our 
available knowledge than do many other matters assumed to be 
of immediately practical significance. Your committee feels that 
at this time of world upheaval, no problem overshadows in im- 
portance that concerning the relations of this country with its 
neighbors. "We assume that, however great the capacity for 
wise and accurate judgment, proper adjustment of our national 
position to changing conditions cannot be made without full and 
well-organized knowledge concerning the real viewpoint of our 
neighbors. This must include a wide range of information relat- 
ing to the environment, history, attainments, social institutions, 
and ideals which together determine the attitude of nations. 

"The committee holds that no institution is better organized 
for assembling, comprehending, and organizing the knowledge 
required in solution of international problems than is a univer- 
sity ; and that upon no institution rests a larger share of respon- 
sibility for understanding international problems of the great 
Pacific area than is placed upon the University of California. 
This faculty should be one of the principal sources of knowledge 
and authority on this subject. 

"As an initial suggestion prompted to support work now in 
progress your committee recommends that all departments con- 
cerned with courses touching questions of international relations 
in the Pacific area consider the possibility of increasing the 
emphasis on such instruction with a view to making this work 
more largely available for general culture and information, and 
also with a view to making it a basis for work of graduate 
students. 

"The committee recommends as a provision for support of 
research work in this important field, the establishment of a chair 
primarily for research in international relations, the appointments 
to the position to be for limited periods only, and the selection 
of the appointees to be determined by evidence of ability in con- 
structive work on international problems. It is reconunended 
that this position be used according to circumstances either for 
members of this faculty deserving opportunity for intensive in- 
vestigation, or for other persons whose interest and influence 
might contribute to our thought, and to the sum of available 



38 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 

knowledge. It is further recommended that this professorship 
carry with it a fund for research expenses not less in amount 
than one half of the professor 's salary. ' ' 

The report of the committee was adopted by the Aca- 
demic Senate and was considered by President Wheeler 
for action as early as possible, while the committee was 
continued with increased membership, in the hope that we 
might realize some of the objects of the committee's 
recommendations to the Senate through reorganization 
of the University's curriculum. 

Before the provisions of this report could be carried 
out in full, America entered the World War, and the 
interests and strength of the University were immediately 
engaged in urgent matters of preparation for the part 
which we were to play. The members of the faculty 
especially concerned were widely scattered, and it was 
not until the close of the war that the International Eela- 
tions Committee assembled again with the membership 
of the pre-war period. At the present time the committee 
consists of fifteen members, representing all of the depart- 
ments of the University particularly concerned with in- 
ternational problems, and through the support of Dr. 
Barrows as head of the Department of Political Science, 
a Bureau of International Relations has been arranged 
to relate itself to this larger University group. 

On the occasion of our fiftieth anniversary in March, 
1918, the University celebrated its birthday with a pro- 
gramme in which the fifty years of history were taken as 
a basis for consideration of the future constructive work 
of this institution. The central theme of the celebration 
was the place of the University with reference to world 
affairs, and especially with relation to our interest in the 
problems of the Pacific. On this occasion the Committee 
on International Relations called a series of twelve con- 
ferences on questions covering history, international 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 39 

aspects of the race problem, international relations in 
science, oceanographic problems of the North Pacific, 
biological problems of the North Pacific, problems of 
agricultural education and research, international aspects 
of trade and commerce, and international problems of 
education. These conferences were largely attended and 
the discussions, now published, contributed much of 
interest and importance to our knowledge of the wider 
relations of the University. Of especial interest were the 
addresses by delegates from other countries bordering 
on the Pacific. 

The most recent activities of the International Eela- 
tions Committee have concerned a review of the curric- 
ulum of the University with special reference to topics 
involved in the study of international problems. At pres- 
ent, a wide range of courses on these topics is offered, but 
there is need for still more organized work, in order to 
present to students of international relations full oppor- 
tunity to know the field with which we are especially 
concerned. 

The committee has also organized, and now has in pro- 
gress, a series of lectures by eminent authorities on inter- 
national problems of the Pacific; the assembling of this 
material in book form will mark a real contribution to this 
field of thought. 

What the University has been able to accomplish in the 
international field is not large in comparison with what 
might be done. We realize that this can be only a part, 
though an important element, in our whole university 
duty. We need now especially the cooperation of other 
educational groups, organized for the same purpose. 
However large the significance of societies and other 
similar organizations, the universities have especial value 
in this connection, representing as they do the continuing 
uninterrupted influence of a great and versatile body upon 



40 UNIVERSITY OP CALIFOKNIA 

a constant stream of youth which will control our future 
international policies. 

Every true university man must then look forward 
with pleasure to the opportunities of the epoch which this 
University with others is entering. We see a time in 
which knowledge derived from every field of study and 
investigation will he brought to bear upon national and 
international problems of economic and political organ- 
ization overtopping the dimensions of any which we have 
heretofore faced. The worth of the college and the uni- 
versity in assembling the materials needed, and in judg- 
ment upon theory and practice, has been proven beyond 
question. The field open before us in this western region 
invites the man of action. The president who now takes 
oflSce in the University is such a man, and he has given 
himself especially to the wider view. We believe that 
under his leadership this institution will serve its purpose 
in the evaluation of evidence upon questions of critical 
meaning among the nations. 

It is with these thoughts uppermost in our minds that 
the delegates here today have been called together. The 
University is honored by the presence of representatives 
from a great group of sister institutions in our own and 
neighboring countries. We know that our problems are 
yours. We realize and appreciate your interest in our 
welfare. We welcome you to participation in this cele- 
bration ; we bespeak your cooperation in this great task, 
which rests in large measure as a joint responsibility on 
educational institutions. Upon this work will be based 
not merely the knowledge of our future teachers con- 
cerned with world affairs, but future statesmen and 
executives will depend upon it to aid in guarding the 
natural right of humanity, as individuals and as groups, 
to live and grow into the largest usefulness compatible 
with the freedom of all. 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 



ADDEESS OF PEESIDENT WILBUE 

Dr. Merriam, President Barrows, Ladies and Gentle- 
men: It is my privilege to speak for Stanford University 
in extending felicitations to President Barrows and in 
congratulating the University of California upon his 
selection for the presidency, and upon the opportunities 
that now confront this university. 

Dean Merriam has pictured some of the future prob- 
lems that particularly face us here on the Pacific Coast. 
I look upon the possibilities of the future with a great 
deal of optimism. It seems to me that we have already 
seen what the Californian can do. The farther you get 
away from California, the closer the two .universities 
about the bay come together. In fact, I am impressed 
sometimes with the idea that, in the minds of many, they 
coalesce, particularly when I get clippings headed: 
"Stanford University, the largest in America." 

Some of us had the opportunity during the war period 
to look at California from the outside, some from Wash- 
ington, and some from Europe, and to realize, more 
clearly than ever, that the two universities had a great, 
common purpose, and that they were turning out a com- 
mon type of American, and an Anaerican who, coming 
from the pioneer spirit of the past, had in him capacities 
beyond the ordinary. 

"We find in the Calif ornians from these two universities 
an ability to understand the problems of other nations. 
When you think of the group of Californians in such 
unique war organizations as the Belgian Relief and the 
American Eelief Administration, where, indeed, your own 



42 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 

President Barrows performed a part, when you think of 
those unique and successful achievements, you cannot 
help but be optimistic as to the possibilities with which 
California turns to the Orient. These two universities 
draw their students largely from a common source. They 
can develop a fairly common type. There will, of course, 
be different characteristics, due to environment. But I 
feel that we can get here in California a superior Amer- 
ican type. While we do not wish to boast, we cannot help 
but feel that, with our standards of living so high here in 
this state, particularly when we study the progressive 
movements that have gone on in this country during the 
past fifteen or twenty years — ^we cannot help but feel that 
the hope of this democracy centers in the young men of 
the West. More of these young men are gathered here 
about the bay for instruction than anywhere else. 

So, upon the educational institutions of the whole 
West, and particularly upon those about this bay, depends 
much of the future of this great country, and a great deal 
of the future when we think of the Orient or of South 
America or of Australia. I feel confident that in Presi- 
dent Barrows this institution has a man whose concep- 
tions of service are so high that he is bound to infect his 
student body with the same idea. I only hope for our own 
institution that we may be a rival in the development of 
men who will devote themselves to the public service. 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 



ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR SELIGMAN 

Mr. Chairman, Mr. President, and Fellow Delegates: 
In bringing to you greetings from one of the oldest of the 
eastern universities, I feel tempted to devote the few 
moments at my command to an endeavor to peer into the 
future and to picture, if I may, in a few sentences, some 
of the things for which this great and noble institution is 
striving. 

The first point has been brought out admirably in the 
address of Dean Merriam to which you have just listened. 
I should, however, perhaps be tempted to broaden the 
conception of internationalism to a point a little beyond 
that of simply the economic and political problems in- 
volved. There is an internationalism in university life 
which is perhaps even slightly broader than that. It is 
represented in this University by the hosts of students 
who are attracted from all manner of foreign climes and 
countries. But more than in the student body, even, does 
the spirit of internationalism reside in the very concep- 
tion of that for which the university stands. Where can 
we find a place better than the university to make us rise 
above the narrow limits of a restricted provincialism, or 
even of an unrestricted and intemperate nationalism? On 
the embers of the late unhappy conflict, which, unfortun- 
ately, we know can all too easily be fanned again into the 
flames of fury and hatred, it is well for the university to 
pour the cooling stream of a wider toleration and of a 
mutual, world-wide appreciation. What can there be 
more appropriate for the university than to inculcate, in 
season and out of season, the fundamental principle that 



44 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 

truth is not the exclusive possession of any individual or 
any class or any country? Look at it as we may, from the 
higher and elevated standpoint we are forced to the con- 
clusion that there is no way of salvation, intellectual or 
spiritual, short of the wide horizon of the university 
spirit. 

In the second place, gentlemen, I should like to em- 
phasize the essential democracy of this institution. By 
"democracy" I mean really that which is implied in the 
gratuity of instruction. You are far more fortunate than 
many of us elsewhere in the world. As a state institution 
you are ahle to give to the increasing number of would-be 
students all your facilities without any charge. We in 
the East and elsewhere in this country are either inade- 
quately endowed private institutions that are compelled, 
in order to make both ends meet, to charge inordinately 
high sums, or even if some of us here and in Europe are 
state institutions, we still find it necessary to demand more 
or less moderate fees. Even though it may be tempered 
by a system of well-chosen scholarships, this system in- 
evitably breeds a division of classes, an intellectual aris- 
tocracy. And aristocracy is bad, because, in order to get 
the one beautiful rose, you must stunt the hundreds of 
little buds. It is a sound instinct, a healthy instinct of a 
democracy, to do what you have done here — an instinct 
which showed itself first in this country in the public 
school. This did not, indeed, come to us from Great 
Britain, for, as you all know, the so-called public school 
in England is nothing but a most aristocratic kind of a 
private school; here, as in so many of our other institu- 
tions, we owe this sound democratic feature to the Dutch 
influence. But, whatever be its origin, this principle of 
gratuity, starting with our common schools, has spread 
downward to the kindergarten, and now fimally upward 
to the university. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 45 

Democracy of this kind, however, is not incompatible 
with higher standards or higher ideals. It is a false 
interpretation of democracy to say that every one is 
necessarily brought down to the level of the mass. There 
is a constructive side to democracy, the conception of a 
true democracy which attempts to raise the whole mass 
up to the level of the best. That is what I mean by the 
democratic spirit of the university. 

For a perpetuation of this democratic spirit, however, 
you need a generous and liberal support on the part 
of the state, given through the legislature. So far as I 
can see in the few weeks that I have spent in your mar- 
velous home, evidences are multiplying that the com- 
munity, that this commonwealth, is awaking to the urg- 
ency of the situation, and to an appreciation of the fact 
that from the university emanate, as a center, most of 
those fine impulses of which a democracy is so capable. 

In conclusion, I should like to call attention to the third 
and the last function of your University, the scientific 
spirit, the passionate quest for truth. We have had a 
curious development in higher education in this country. 
Our universities, all or almost all of them, are the product, 
on the one hand, of the undergraduate and frequently 
denominational college, and, on the other hand, of the pro- 
prietary professional school. And yet the university has 
quietly gone its own way, as we have proceeded from the 
primitive stage of adolescence to the coming period of 
maturity. It is, indeed, not difficult to foresee, in its dim 
outlines, at least, the university of the future. For, as 
we look about us, what do we find? We find here in Cali- 
fornia, as elsewhere, mutterings of the project to lop off, 
to segregate, to separate, the junior college, in order to 
enable the university to devote itself to its real task. On 
the other hand, we find that the former unregenerate 



46 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

professional school, like the old medical school and the old 
law school, together with the newer professional schools 
like those of engineering and architecture and forestry 
and agriculture and business, are all being shot through 
by this newer scientific spirit, and that, too, without losing 
a jot or tittle of their practical serviceability. The core of 
the university of the future is, in my opinion, destined to 
be found in this scientific spirit, this loyalty to truth, this 
devotion to research. It is for that reason that it seems 
to me that in the future the university, untrammeled, in- 
dependent, aspiring, will stand for intellectual freedom, 
for generous effort, and for scientific achievement. 

May we not hope, therefore, that under your new and 
distinguished President, the University of California 
will march in the forefront of American institutions of 
higher learning, and that the loyal alumni of this noble 
institution will more and more attempt to press upon the 
brow of their beloved Alma Mater the triple diadem of 
the international, the democratic, and the scientific spirit. 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEROWS 



GREETINGS FROM OTHER UNIVERSITIES 

The President and Fellows of Harvard College to the 
Regents and the Academic Senate of the University 
of California. 

Geeeting : 

Harvard University sends its congratulations to the 
University of California upon the inauguration of David 
Prescott Barrows, Ph.D., LL.D., as President, on Tues- 
day, the twenty-third of March, nineteen hundred and 
twenty. 

Gladly availing themselves of the invitation to be 
represented at the ceremonies, the President and Fellows 
of Harvard College have appointed Edward Kennard 
Eand, Ph.D., Professor of Latin, as their delegate and 
have charged him to convey their felicitations. 

Given at Cambridge on the sixteenth day of March, in 
the year of Our Lord the nineteen hundred and twentieth, 
and of Harvard College the two hundred and eighty- 
fourth. 

A. Lawrence Lowell, 

President. 

[Seal] 



48 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

To the University of California: 

The University of Chicago extends most cordial con- 
gratulations upon the inauguration of President David 
Prescott Barrows. There is an especial interest in this 
occasion on the part of the University of Chicago, because 
Dr. Barrows is one of its graduates, holding the degree 
of Doctor of Philosophy. 

His history, therefore, has been followed with atten- 
tion and with interest ; and it is the confident belief of the 
University of Chicago that the new President is highly 
qualified to perform his important duties, and that under 
his administration the great university on the Pacific 
Coast will continue its distinguished career in the inter- 
ests of education and of the higher learning. 

Haeey Pbatt Judson, 

President. 
March the Twenty -third 
Nineteen Hundred Twenty. 

[Seal] 



The Directors, President and Faculty of the Univer- 
sity of Cincinnati extend congratulations to the Regents 
of the University of California upon the election of Mr. 
David Prescott Barrows as President and sincere thanks 
for the invitation that they be represented at the In- 
augural Ceremonies on Charter Day, March twenty-third, 
as well as at the preceding functions. They regret that 
it is not practicable to send to these ceremonies a delegate, 
but they would convey to the new President their greet- 
ings and would felicitate both him and the University of 
California upon this auspicious occasion. 

[Seal] 



INAUGURATION OF PEE8IDENT BAEROWS 49 

The University of Iowa extends to the University of 
California her most cordial felicitations upon the in- 
auguration of David Prescott Barrows as President on 
Charter Day, the fifty-second anniversary of the Univer- 
sity of California, March the twenty-third, nineteen hun- 
dred and twenty, and has designated President Emeritus 
Thomas Huston Macbride as her representative at the 
various inaugural ceremonies, charging him to convey to 
her illustrious sister on the Pacific her congratulations 
and good wishes. 

Given at Iowa City, Iowa, March the eleventh, nineteen 
hundred and twenty. 

"W. A. Jessup, 
President of the University. 

[Seal] 



UNIVEESITT OF CALIFORNIA 



INSTITUTIONS EEPEESENTED BY OFFICIAL DELEGATES AT 
THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 



American College for Girls at 
Constantinople, Turkey 

Beloit College 

Bowdoin College 

California Institute of 
Teciinology 

Carleton College 

Catholic University of 
America 

Chaffee College 

College of the Pacific 

Colorado College 

Colorado School of Mines 

Columbia University 

Columbia University, Teachers 
College 

Cornell College, Mount 
Vernon, Iowa 

Cornell University 

Dartmouth College 

Goucher College 

Grinnell College 

Guatemala — Ministry of Pub- 
lie Instruction and the Na- 
tional University 

Hamilton College 

Harvard University , 

Haverford College 

Hunter College of the City of 
New York 

Iowa State College of Agricul- 
ture and Mechanic Arts 

Iowa State Teachers College 



Iowa State University 

Japan — College of Agricul- 
ture, Moroika. 

Japan — Ministry of Education 

Johns Hopkins University 

Kenyon College 

Knox College 

Lafayette College 

Massachusetts Agricultural 
College 

Miami University 

Michigan College of Mines 

Mills College 

Montana State School of Mines 

Mount Wilson Solar Observa- 
tory 

New York University 

Northwestern University 

Oberlin College 

Ohio Wesleyan University 

Panama — Instituto Nacional 

Pomona College 

Purdue University 

Radcliffe College 

Reed College 

Rice Institute 

Santa Clara University 

Shaw University 

St. Mary's College 

Stanford University 

Stevens Institute of Tech- 
nology 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 



51 



Swarthmore College 
Tulane University of 

Louisiana 
Union College 
University of Arizona 
University of Arkansas 
University of Bolivia 
University of British Columbia 
University of Chicago, and 

Yerkes Observatory 
University of Colorado 
University of Kansas 
University of London 
University of Maine 
University of Mexico 
University of Michigan 
University of Missouri 
University of Montana 
University of Nanking, China 
University of Nebraska 
University of Nevada 
University of North Dakota 
University of Notre Dame 



University of Oregon 
University of Pennsylvania 
University of Pittsburg 
University of Eedlands 
University of Southern 

California 
University of Texas 
University of Toronto 
University of Virginia 
University of Washington 
University of Wisconsin 
University of Wyoming 
Vassar College 
Washington and Jefferson 

College 
Washington University 
Wellesley College 
Western Reserve University 
Whitman College 
Williams College 
Yale University 
Yankton College 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 



ADDEBSSES AT A BANQUET IN HONOR OF PRESIDENT 

BARROWS AND THE DELEGATES PROM 

FOREIGN COUNTRIES 

Given by the San Francisco Chamber op Commerce in the 
Palace Hotel, Monday, March 22, 1920 

address of mr. atholl mcbean 

President of the Chamber of Commerce 

The Chamber of Commerce is glad of an opportunity 
to pay its tribute to the new President of our University. 
We recognize the university as an institution closely 
linked with the great activities of practical life. There 
should exist the most intimate relation between university 
activities and our commercial affairs. Our organization 
is most anxious to secure the highest degree of coopera- 
tion and under this new administration we are hopeful of 
cultivating the best of cooperation and that is the great 
desire of the board of directors of our chamber. 

Dr. Barrows has already shown the greatest interest 
and cooperation in our practical business problems, and 
has given us every assurance of his interest in our busi- 
ness affairs. We recognize the fact that the business com- 
munity itself has not done its part in getting the full 
advantage of university facilities, and there seems to exist 
an unfortunate impression that university professors are 
academic and impracticable. On the other hand univer- 
sity men may have felt that business men are purely 
mercenary and lacking in ideals and human interests. 
Therefore each side has been afraid of the other. We 
business men have sometimes been overbearing in our 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 53 

attitude, thinking too much of the dollars and cents of 
our business transactions without taking time to look at 
matters in a broad and commonsense way. This is a very 
fortunate occasion where these great elements in prac- 
tical life are sitting down together, taking each other into 
confidence and seeking to solve the very difficult problems 
that are now ahead of us, in close confidence and coopera- 
tion. It is therefore, I feel, particularly appropriate that 
we should welcome the new President of the University 
as an actual leader in our business problems and should 
assure him that we shall frequently desire to have con- 
ferences with him and with the entire faculty which he 
now so ably heads. 

The subject of the evening is "The Pacific Problem," 
and there is no one better qualified to lead the discussion 
than Mr. Wigginton E. Creed, a director of the Chamber, 
and a Eegent of the University, whom I introduce to you 
as toastmaster of the evening. Mr. Creed. 



UNTVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 



ADDEESS OF ME. WIGGINTON E. CEEED 
Toastmaster 

Mr. Chairman, President Barrows, and Gentlemen : It 
is a very great privilege to join with Mr. McBean in 
felicitating Colonel Barrows upon his accession to the 
high office of President of the University of California. 
As business men we hailed that event with profound satis- 
faction, not alone because of the distinguished accom- 
plishments of Colonel Barrows as a scholar and his able 
services as a soldier, but also because in his body and 
person he has typified to us upstanding, stalwart Amer- 
icanism. An added circumstance of congratulation is the 
fact that a great part of Colonel Barrows' life has been 
spent in Pacific countries and in a study of those prob- 
lems which are our theme tonight. 

The fact is, gentlemen, that the Pacific Ocean is the 
theatre of a mighty, new world movement in commerce, 
government, and education. Eastern and western civi- 
lizations are thereby forced into intimate contacts, out 
of which arise portentous difficulties of adjustment and 
understanding. The reality of these difficulties has made 
the Pacific problem the most absorbing problem of the 
world today. It involves not only the development of 
China under new world ideals and the establishment of 
sound government for hundreds of millions of peoples, 
but it includes as well patient dealing with backward 
peoples and fair treatment for nations which are awaken- 
ing to their great strength and charting their courses 
under the stimulus of expansion, compelled by the direst 
necessity. 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEROWS 55 

The position of the United States in relation to the 
problem of the Pacific is one of opportunity both for 
national development and for service in aid of the future 
peace of the world. As a people we are conscious of in- 
evitable trade relations and of a quickened ambition for 
national participation in the international markets around 
the Pacific. Shall we proceed in a spirit of hostility based 
upon fear and with barriers erected against understand- 
ing, or shall we be moved by the vaunted principles of 
our nation, which found fulfilment in the return of the 
Boxer indemnity? Our opportunity, gentlemen, lies in 
cooperation a,nd in helpfulness and in restraining the 
forces which will consolidate oriental civilization against 
occidental civilization or drive the developing power of 
the Orient into the hands of selfish elements in Europe. 

In shaping the future, the universities upon this edge 
of the continent are summoned to grave responsibilities, 
not only because of their growing contact with Pacific 
peoples through students, alumni, and faculties, but also 
because they possess in themselves and through their 
relations with the scholars of other countries potent 
forces for developing recognition of the full values of 
oriental civilization and for bringing about the Council 
of Nations in place of the clandestine maneuvers' of old 
world diplomacy. 

The relation of the universities to the problem is inter- 
woven with that of industry and commerce. The realiza- 
tion of our opportunity depends upon the coordination of 
the great influences of education, commerce, and industry 
in molding our national policy. To this end wisdom sug- 
gests the need of frank statement and frank discussion 
of the Pacific problem. And I venture to express the hope 
that our distinguished speakers tonight, who are especi- 
ally equipped to deal with those issues, will not fail to 



56 TTNIVEESITY OF CALITOENIA 

state them, that the guest of the evening may have oppor- 
tunity to point the way to intelligent, sane, friendly, and 
helpful solutions. 

In connection with China, one naturally thinks of her 
desperate efforts to escape undue domination of her ter- 
ritory, to control her resources upon the basis of equal 
and unembarrassed opportunity within her borders for 
world trade, and to divorce political and military control 
from the industrial and conunercial forces of other 
nations. One thinks, too, of the future of Siberia, of the 
restrictions and resentments against the admixture of 
white and yellow races. There sits here tonight as our 
guest a former minister of the United States to China, 
the man who stands out, in the United States, as most 
competent to discuss the Pacific problem in relation to 
China — scholar, diplomat, international lawyer — Dr. Paul 
Samuel Reinsch. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 57 



ADDRESS OF DR. REINSCH 

Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: The toastmaster has 
stated the general significance of the situation of the Pacific 
most eloquently and with so much point that there really 
remains nothing to be said except to attempt to elucidate 
details. An appreciation of the fundamentally important 
things which are to be decided in this arena of commerce, 
of international rivalry and of international cooperation, 
during the next fifty to eighty years, is far more essential 
so far as concerns the future development of the world 
than any other possible thing. We who live here looking 
out upon the Pacific and we who have been working in 
lands on the other side of the sea know that. I am sup- 
posed to speak to you about China, wherein China enters 
into this problem, how her interests are affected, and how 
she again influences the situation. That is a very broad 
subject and, out of deference and human sympathy with 
the gentlemen who have to depart for Burlingame and 
other delightful suburbs tonight, I shall not even attempt 
to cover it. I shall try merely to express to you some of 
the essentials. 

An essential fact is that the people of China have a 
very old civilization and a very old commercial system, 
and that they have very many virtues of the highest order. 
Their commercial organization is based upon the partner- 
ship, and they have not as yet fully developed the more 
complicated, more impersonal forms of commercial and 
industrial action through corporate units. Now, the 
people in China are thinking a great deal about these 
matters, and they realize that they have a difficult problem 



58 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

before them. But tliey feel within them, with their tradi- 
tion and with the experience of the past, a sufficient 
strength to solve these problems, with foreign coopera- 
tion, but not under foreign dominance. They would 
resist such domination; though it might be attempted in 
apparently beneficent fashion, yet the Chinese would feel 
and resent it. Just what is implied in that may be illus- 
trated by a conversation which I had recently with one 
of the leading industrial organizers of China. We were 
speaking on the general subject of a financial consortium, 
when it was first being discussed; I knew- that he had 
objections to such proposals, and so I was drawing him 
out. I said, "What is your chief objection to this? It is 
conceived in the spirit of putting back of the Chinese 
organization the experience of the world, of strengthening 
the central government not only by giving it financial 
backing but by putting at its disposal the best espertship 
to be employed by it as its servant. " He said, ' ' We judge 
by experience. We have the customs service ; we have the 
salt revenue service. The funds which are collected are 
put into foreign banks. There these collections are kept 
for a longer period, usually, than is necessary. Before 
the surplus belonging to us is remitted we have to ask 
and beg for it. There is intolerable delay, caused often 
by a single minister who may have some incidental matter 
that he would like to clear up on that occasion. Mean- 
while, these funds are withdrawn from the use of Chinese 
institutions, they lie in foreign banks. Now, if we go on 
in this way, other securities will be pledged, the funds will 
get into foreign banks and be withdrawn, and our national 
industrial life will be starved in such a way as to be in- 
capable of any real development at all." That is one 
objection — the fact that the foreign banking interests in 
China demand that those funds which are pledged for 



INATJGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BARROWS 59 

foreign loans be safeguarded by deposit in foreign banks. 
So the Chinese are threatened with a withdrawal from 
their own commercial circulation of funds very greatly 
needed. 

The Chinese desire to effect a reorganization of their 
finances and their tasation system ; they desire to benefit, 
in effecting it, by foreign assistance; but they object to 
creating a permanent foreign vested interest that will 
gather up these funds and employ them not primarily for 
Chinese development but for foreign use and advantage. 
In general commercial development they are not at all 
averse to foreign participation. But what they are afraid 
of is that the Chinese partner in that arrangement will be 
relegated to the rear and that the enterprise will be man- 
aged in accordance with the interests of Tokyo or London 
or New York. They are, therefore, particularly opposed 
to any schemes of cooperation between different foreign 
nations in China. They say, "If you wish to cooperate, 
cooperate with us. We are here and have been here for 
these many thousands of years. We are in control and 
possession and we are the natural people to cooperate 
with." They suspect schemes for other international 
cooperation as being intended to give them a very minor 
part in the development of their own country. Direct 
American cooperation with themselves they particularly 
desire for very common-sense reasons. They know, in the 
first place, that we have abundant means. In the second 
place, we have no political or territorial ambitions at all 
on the mainland of Asia — none whatsoever. In the third 
place, there is a certain sympathetic understanding be- 
tween American business men and Chinese that every one 
observes who comes in contact with Chinese affairs. They 
work together well. The organizations that brought 
European commerce to the Far East were very often 



60 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

exceedingly exclusive, conceived in the spirit of the old 
and privileged chartered company. And that spirit has 
not as yet been entirely banished. That exclusiveness is 
unfavorable to the Chinese. In fact, the entire temper of 
foreign enterprise in China has been that of the treaty 
port, to which the wealth of the interior is brought, and 
which, without interesting itself particularly in the wel- 
fare or development of the back country, scoops off the 
cream of this trade. It has been a comparatively easy 
way of making money, because it has not involved any 
consciousness of responsibility for the development of the 
interior. People are now beginning to take a very differ- 
ent attitude and to adopt a different point of view. The 
treaty ports are beginning to feel that they are respon- 
sible for the back country, that they must assist the 
Chinese in industrial development, and I am glad to say 
it is Americans who have taken the lead in emphasizing 
that point of view in China. 

What the Chinese hope for from this cooperation is 
that they may work with men who will be so generous and 
fair-minded that they will take the attitude, "We desire 
you, working with us, to master the methods which make 
western business efficient and successful. We do not 
desire to take things from you or to keep you in a position 
of permanent dependence. We do desire you to manage 
your own affairs as completely as you can." 

If there is one specific reason, gentlemen, why Amer- 
icans have the confidence and the goodwill of the Chinese, 
it is that all our activities there, whether they are educa- 
tional or commercial, have been conducted in the spirit 
that says to the Chinese, "Come along with us. We will 
show you how these things are done, and as soon as you 
can do them yourselves, we are going to give you every 
chance ; we are not here to establish over you a permanent 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEE0W8 61 

inspectorship, supervisorsMp, or a hierarchy of foreign 
officials, maintained to keep you right. But we know that 
you can soon learn to do these things yourselves — ^we will 
do them together as true partners. ' ' That spirit has been 
manifested in all our activities, and it is for that reason 
that the Chinese trust Americans so much. 

China needs at the present time a great deal of foreign 
capital for railways, for the building up of manufactures, 
and so on. But it is not a question of doing everything 
with foreign capital. There is a great deal of native, local 
capital in China. If that can associate itself with foreign- 
organized concerns, managed according to our approved 
methods of industrial efficiency, that Chinese capital will 
come out — it is already coming out in large quantities, as 
for instance in the new cooperative banks that have been 
formed, like the Commercial and Industrial Bank of 
China, in which the Chase National Bank of New York is 
interested. To bring out and mobilize Chinese capacity, 
prepared through the centuries and generations; to 
mobilize Chinese capital — that will be the effect of well 
conducted foreign cooperation in China. Every foreign 
dollar, so to speak, will mobilize five, or six, or even ten, 
Chinese dollars. 

There is one new development in Chiiia which is con- 
fusing sometimes — as to what position we are to take with 
respect to it, I mean. You all know of the Chinese national 
movement which has been so strongly organized during 
the last year — one of its effects has been encouragement 
of home industry. As that movement was partly oc- 
casioned by the Shantung difficulty and therefore resulted 
in a boycott, it meant the cutting off of certain imports 
from abroad ; to supply the deficiency it was necessary to 
stimulate home industry. But aside from these special 
circumstances it was quite natural at this stage that the 



62 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 

Chinese should feel the necessity of building up home 
industry in manufactures. They are at the present time 
developing particularly the cotton industry, and great 
numbers of new cotton mills have been set up during the 
last twelve months. 

Now, what is to be our attitude toward such a develop- 
ment? Are we as a government, are we as a chamber of 
commerce, are we as capitalists and American corpora- 
tions, to say, ' ' This is a desirable thing, ' ' and to encour- 
age the Chinese to the extent of cooperating, or are we 
to say, "It is better not to go beyond supplying American 
products to the Chinese"? Gentlemen, I feel this way 
about it, that there is no force in the world that can pre- 
vent that development, and that the Chinese are entitled 
to it at this time as it is necessary at the present stage of 
their national life. They will develop certain industries, 
among them the cotton and the iron industry, not to the 
extent of displacing entirely the need of imports from 
our country and other countries. They will begin by 
making the coarser fabrics and the heavier implements 
of communication, such as rails and railway equipment. 
But the prosperity of China which will be developed 
through such manufacturing industries will very greatly 
increase the purchasing power of China, and all other 
industries in other countries will therefore be favorably 
affected by the development of China along these lines. 

Now, that affects particularly the Pacific Coast. While 
the Pacific Coast is probably not destined to have, at least 
for the present, a large steel industry, yet other kinds of 
manufacturing industries can be developed here with an 
enormous market on the other side of the Pacific, the 
greatest undeveloped market in the world. We need, par- 
ticularly at the present time, and this occasion leads me 
to think of it, a scientific survey of the situation; a 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 63 

research into these questions — What will China be likely 
to manufacture for herself during the next twenty years ? 
What is to be the course of development of manufacturing 
industry in China ? What will she continue to require from 
us? What new demands can be developed there which 
can be satisfied on the west coast? What things will be 
drawn from China in the way of primary materials, and 
also of manufactured things, or of partly manufactured 
materials of industry? 

It is here that the cooperation to which the toastmaster 
has alluded between the University and the Chamber of 
Commerce becomes most important. There is no indi- 
vidual concern, no matter how extensive its business, that 
can afford to make such a complete survey for itself. The 
government will help; but an institution of learning, 
planted here in the center of the commonwealth, adjoin- 
ing its metropolis, looking out upon the great Pacific 
Ocean around which lies the now-to-be-developed world — 
that institution, cooperating with the practical men of the 
commercial world, getting from them their needs, their 
plans and their prospects, may make such a survey. 

The University not only trains men for use in com- 
merce, in banking, in all industrial enterprises ; it not only 
develops the technical methods in business, chemistry, 
and engineering, but it also gives that general bird's-eye 
view of development by which after all the individual 
firm and the individual enterprise must be guided, which 
it must get in some way — an orientation which is neces- 
sary for intelligent planning. There is the basis for 
cooperation. The University alone cannot do it, because 
it would tend to be too theoretical. The merchants alone 
cannot do it, unless they create a special organ for that 
purpose. They can, however, contribute to it. By co- 
operation between these two great organizations, such a 



64 UNIVEESITY OP CALIFORNIA 

work of mapping out the situation, of determining a 
general policy, can be effected. 

It therefore gives us assurance of the rapid develop- 
ment of west coast commercial and industrial enterprises, 
guided by wise policies, to see you here together — the men 
of action, and the men who by studying that action deduce 
new ways of arriving at results, with less sacrifice, with 
less waste and with greater certainty. 

In that sense and with that prospect and promise in 
view, I am happy to be present on this occasion, and to 
add my voice and my thought in outlining the great things 
which are before us, the entire American nation, but in 
which you here planted at the gateway will have to lead, 
in giving to the nation an understanding of these great 
interests, opportunities, and destinies. You will have to 
lead in the solution of these problems. With respect to 
our Pacific affairs, it is not New York but San Francisco 
that is to be the metropolis. 



INATTGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 



The Toastmastee : In my judgment, gentlemen, the 
most important problem in Japan today is the problem of 
expansion. It presses for solution and demands under- 
standing perhaps more than any other question. There 
are other issues in Japan, the issues arising out of the 
tremendous movements of her social and industrial forces, 
the issue of military control, the education of women, and 
suffrage. It is an unhappy circumstance that Dr. Harada, 
formerly President of the University of Doshisha, is 
unable to be here tonight to discuss them. But we are 
fortunate in having — and may take consolation in that fact 
— a substitute who has had special opportunity to study 
the problems of Japan as a member of the Chamber 's Jap- 
anese-American Relations Committee, and as an official 
visitor to the domain of Japan. The broad policy of the 
Chamber, in putting itself in a position of understanding, 
led to the creation of that committee, and the gentleman 
upon whom I am going to call has visited Japan and 
studied her problems and conditions as an efficient repre- 
sentative of the commercial world of San Francisco. 
Student of Pacific problems, sympathetic interpreter of 
the issues in the great island country — Mr. Eobert Newton 
Lynch. 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



ADDRESS OF MR. LYNCH 



Mr. Chairman, Dr. Barrows, Distinguished Guests, and 
Gentlemen: It was indeed unfortunate that Dr. Harada 
could not be present to speak of the Pacific problem as it 
relates to the matter of Japan. It would have been very 
appropriate that such an exposition should come from the 
lips and mind and heart of an intelligent, broad-minded 
Japanese. I know that, when this programme was first 
arranged, it was hoped that some one like Dr. Harada or 
Dr. Anasaki, who were expected to be present, would 
discuss the problem. It is perhaps difficult for any citizen 
of California, or of the United States, to express that 
problem in a proper manner, and it is indeed a challenge 
to the breadth and vision of Calif ornians that we should 
look, not only at the very difficult situation with which we 
find ourselves in relation to the Oriental population, but 
that we should have a complete grasp upon the situation 
as a whole, and see, not only our own small angle and 
difficulties which may be only symptoms, but also the 
larger problems which are involved in the relations of the 
peoples around the Pacific. 

I would not consent to be the substitute of Dr. Harada, 
but for the fact that it is essential for the purpose of this 
discussion that at least a statement should be made of 
what the problem involves. With that idea in view, if I 
may rapidly indicate that problem, it will perhaps fur- 
nish the proper background for the real message of the 
evening, which will come from our guest of honor, who 
will point to friendly solutions of these difficulties. 

I shall speak, not of Japan as a problem, but of Japan's 
problem. Because, of all of the countries around the 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 67 

Pacific, perhaps it is most acute and difficult to Japan her- 
self. She must face enormous difficulties, greater than 
any of the other nations around the Pacific. Dr. Eeinsch 
has spoken of China as a field for development. Japan is 
a great force. She is the one organized, unified, aggres- 
sive, economic force, aside from the United States, dealing 
with this problem concerning the nations bordering the 
Pacific. Japan has to face enormous internal difficulties. 
Her gates were forced open by the very guns of our 
country. And, awakening from the isolation which had 
endured for some two hundred and fifty years, Japan, 
with enormous national self-consciousness, tremendous 
pride based upon centuries of Oriental culture, great am- 
bitions, tremendous genius for foreign contact, and per- 
haps equally less ability to adapt herself to the customs 
and to the views of the balance of the world — Japan today 
finds herself in the position of facing the responsibilities 
and obligations of a first-class power, and yet with 
tremendous difficulties in the movement of her peoples 
throughout the world ; and, as she has come into inevitable 
contact with the United States and other countries around 
the Pacific, she finds herself at the present time in a very 
desperate situation. 

The Pacific problem is the problem of the world. A 
solution of Japan 's relation to that problem is the prime 
consideration of the thinking force of the other nations. 
The whole Pacific problem circulates around Japan. Her 
character and her ambitions and her internal development 
must affect this in a most profound manner. 

I shall simply indicate or sketch the problem as it 
occurs to a student or a person looking at it from the 
outside and seeing Japan struggling in order to meet 
these difficulties. I shall not undertake to estimate the 
moral character that at present exists there, I shall not 



68 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

undertake to speak of the commercial standards, one way 
or another, I shall not attempt to frame an indictment, 
because all the nations around might easily find place for 
fault-finding with one another. I shall only indicate what 
this problem is, from close observation, as those of us 
who are looking intently at it may have occasion to see, 
so that we can bring to our minds at one time of what this 
problem consists. 

As the toastmaster has said, the problem is primarily 
one of expansion. Japan has 70,000,000 of people in the 
main Island of Japan, Korea, Formosa, and the posses- 
sions she now occupies. She has a territory less than 
that of the area of Texas. She is growing at the rate of 
a million a year, and she is facing the necessity of pro- 
viding food or emigration or an industrial development 
for all of those 70,000,000 and the increasing number of 
people. And while it may be said that mere breeding 
does not involve obligations upon the part of the balance 
of the world, yet Japan, as a great unified force, and 
developing at the rate that she is, must find some way out. 

Now, she has been struggling for a way, and she comes 
up, of course, against the inevitable feeling of the white 
race that there is no practical assimilation ; and, whatever 
biologists or those who might have their theories upon 
the question of mixtures of peoples think, it is an accepted 
fact in the consciousness and instinct of the white race 
that the Oriental peoples are unassimilable with the white 
race. And as Japan seeks an outlet, she comes to the 
United States, or goes to Australia or to Canada, and finds 
that she is unacceptable, because the very fairest minds 
and those who have no prejudices upon the subject do not 
covet for a moment the problem that is involved in the 
attempt to have added to our population a large number 
of unassimilable people, backed by a very powerful. 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 69 

sensitive government, where the people's tongue cannot 
be assimilated, but they retain the national and racial 
tendencies of the country from which they come. And 
the problem in California is but an incident in that tre- 
mendous scheme. 

If Japan may not expand in those countries that are 
under the direction and control of the white race, where 
will she find an outlet? Will it be in Siberia, will it be in 
Mongolia, will it be in South America? In what portion 
of the earth may she seek, at the present time, when the 
nations of the world are pretty well occupied and have 
preempted the various spaces of the earth — ^where will 
Japan go in order to emigrate a million people a year, if 
she should attempt to meet that problem entirely by 
emigration? 

If this problem of expansion is not met, it will meet 
itself. If there is not enough sanity and intelligence upon 
the part of all that are interested in this problem, the very 
bursting of human bonds will come and Japan will in- 
evitably fight her way out, because there is nothing else 
for her to do. 

Then Japan has an enormous industrial problem, and 
those who visit Japan at the present time and see the 
efforts which she is making to translate herself from a 
nation of workers in homes into a factory system will see 
what an enormous problem that is. On the one side, Japan 
must meet her expansion, not by emigration, but by more 
highly developed industrial organization. She must meet 
the standards of industry in other countries. She can 
only hope for a very short time to have cheap labor with 
which to meet her problems. And the necessity of efficient 
management, and the standards of other countries, press 
upon her with bewildering stress. There are working in 
the very vitals of the Japanese people the workings of 



70 UNIVERSITY OF CALITOENIA 

social and industrial forces that are coming rapidly to 
the front, and Japan must meet those forces. Perhaps 
the Japanese delegates who went to the Peace Confer- 
ence did not even know the vocabulary of modern indus- 
trial relations and when the greater part of that discus- 
sion dealt with the highly difficult problems of our com- 
plex civilization, Japan had to sit by, because she did not 
know even the meaning of the terms — her experience had 
not been in that direction. 

But the things that we have met in the past twenty -five 
years must come upon Japan, if necessary, within five 
years, and her leaders and her thinkers must meet those 
conditions which exist in the rapid transition of her 
country into a great industrial nation, which is essential 
to the care and feeding of her people. 

Then Japan of course has the tremendous problem of 
education. She has shown commendable enterprise from 
the very beginning of her attempts to get the best educa- 
tional standards. She sent over her best students in 
order to get our educational methods and to adopt them 
in Japan. The trainingof the women of Japan is a very 
great element — perhaps it might be said it is more im- 
portant to educate one Japanese woman than three Jap- 
anese men — ^because Japan must come, in her whole social 
structure, to the enlightening of all her people, including 
the women, who are the mothers of her race, and that 
tremendous problem of education goes hand in hand with 
her other problems. 

Then, too, as the toastmaster has just said, there is the 
enormous problem of government, and there is a feeling 
abroad that Japan has a form of government that is un- 
adaptable to the ideals and to the modern situation among 
the other nations with which she must cooperate. It is 
conceived or thought that Japan has an autocratic form 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 71 

of government, that she has not extended her suffrage to 
the proper degrees, though that seems to be coming along ; 
that Japan is under the dominance of a military system, 
and that the militarists of Japan growing out of the con- 
trol of previous experiences, have dominated Japan, for 
their not only military but highly selfish national pur- 
pose. I am frank to say that that question is at least 
debatable, and some very close observers presume to see 
a decline in the militaristic attitude of Japan, and that 
Japan is actually coming from the other side into a 
democratic attitude, and a demand for the expression of 
the popular will. 

The gentleman who could not be here tonight to make 
the address, made an address the other day at the Univer- 
sity, and I had the privilege of hearing him and I recall 
that he said this in regard to democracy in Japan: 
Democracy is not identified with any particular form of 
government; you can have the spirit of democracy even 
in a country that is clinging to the traditions of her his- 
tory and desirous of putting forward the very highest 
modern ideals in connection with the present form of 
government, translating them into democratic relation- 
ships. 

We all know that the problem in Japan is one that is 
exceedingly vital to her, because only in so far as her form 
of government and the democratic spirit in that connec- 
tion are properly developed, through education and other 
means, will Japan be able to have the proper relation with 
the balance of the world. 

Temperamentally, Japan has enormous problems of 
adaptation, because as she goes out amongst other peoples 
she has to adapt herself, with perhaps not the genius for 
that peculiar adaptation ; clever as she is in her superficial 
adaptation, profoundly and fundamentally it is felt by 



72 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

other nations that Japan remains thoroughly Japanese 
and cannot mix upon terms of equality. And one of the 
greatest difficulties we have in California with the pres- 
ence of a large number of Japanese is and wUl be that 
inevitable conflict which comes from the fact that the 
Anglo-Saxon race will never consent to dwell with any 
other people unless they dominate them. And Japan has 
precisely the same ideals ; and the same stiff -neckedness 
and stiff -back attitude of us Anglo-Saxons is also present 
in Japan with her lack of adaptation. And we have not 
desired that problem, because of the inevitable conflict. 
These, in outline, are some of the problems which 
Japan must face. But they are not Japan 's problem, they 
are the world 's problem. These problems must be solved, 
not only in the interests of the Japanese peoples, but they 
must be solved in the interests of the world. If we beg 
the question in advance and say these problems have no 
solution, then we can only look to a certain conflict be- 
tween an organized Orient and the balance of the world. 
If, on the other hand, we feel that Japan has problems 
that are not only her own but belong to the balance of 
the world, and in our interest have a certain idealism 
and a certain attitude toward other nations, and if we 
can forget our racial antipathies, and if we can see that 
any countries, even so alien and so different in their 
culture, have a great contribution to make in this neigh- 
boring world; if we men of commerce see that in these 
trade relations which we must sustain there is need of 
frendliness, and if there are difficulties and obstacles 
and inequities, that those things must be met with 
patience and with some regard to our own attitude of 
mind and our own lack of prevision ; if we, in other words, 
could sit around the conference table around the Pacific, 
and if we could help Japan, and if Japan could see that 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 73 

the suggestions made are not made in hostility, but are 
made because of inevitable circumstances, and are made 
in a friendly attitude, there might be a possibility of 
working out a pacific development of this great Pacific 
problem. There may be worked out some cooperation in 
regard to the conduct of this tremendous commerce that 
is going to be borne on this ocean of mystery. 

So it is peculiarly appropriate, if I may repeat the 
sentiment of the evening, that we of the business com- 
munity of San Francisco should not only pay dis- 
tinguished tribute to the new President of our great 
University, but that we should recognize his stalwart 
manhood, his practical grasp, his experience abroad, 
his international mind, with his sturdy mechanism of 
which the toastmaster has spoken; that we should come 
together with the University and that we should join the 
thinking analytical minds of our students and our pro- 
fessors and our leaders of thought with the best business 
conscience of these great world forces; that we should 
get a grip upon this great Pacific problem, and should 
look at it, not with narrowness and meanness and hostility 
and fear, but with faith and with a belief in humanity and 
with a belief that the countries around the Pacific in their 
relation to each other must yield to intelligence and sanity 
rather than to come into the grip of future inevitable and 
unhappy war. 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 



The Toastmastee: When Mr. Harriman developed 
his great railway system and led his iron horses across 
the continent to drink in the waters of the Pacific, he came 
face to face with the Pacific problem. And he extended 
his Pacific railway into a world transport by placing its 
terminals in the harbors of the Orient. World conditions 
have directed our attention to th-e vision of Mr. Harri- 
man with new force. It is appropriate therefore that 
America's relation to the problem of the Pacific today 
should be discussed by one who is thoroughly identified 
with the commerce of the Pacific Coast, by one who, as the 
practical administrator of a great railway system that 
touches the vital sources of production in a great part of 
the continent, has had the problem of the Pacific forced 
upon him as a live and vital thing, for he can speak 
with authority. The highest type of American railway 
executive, student and analyist — Mr. William Sproule. 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 



ADDEESS OF ME. SPEOULE 

Mr. Chairman, Mr. Toastmaster, Distinguished Guests, 
Friends: We, of California, are a people somewhat set 
apart because of the Pacific Ocean on one side and the 
Sierra Nevada Mountains on the other. We are in a strip 
of territory Heaven has favored with a climate unlike that 
of any other on the continent. It has been said that 
Quebec is a bit of medieval Europe dropped into North 
America. It may also be said that California is a bit of 
the Mediterranean dropped into the American continent. 
And so perhaps in our daily relations we may have some- 
thing of the parochial mind, but in the affairs of the world 
we are sufficiently aloof to be able to look at them with 
possibly more breadth of mind than some who are differ- 
ently situated, and can readily realize that California 
has as yet but touched the hem of the great garment of 
promise with which the future of the Orient is clothed. 

In our treatment of the Pacific problem there is one 
thing of which our friends of China and Japan and the 
nations of the Pacific on both sides can be certain, and 
that is that we have a country big enough, with resources 
enough, to warrant that there is in our minds no thought 
of territorial exploitation. In treating with us they can 
feel that they are in the house of those who covet none of 
their possessions. We recognize in the Chinese the self- 
reliant, sturdy character which we are wont to ascribe to 
the Anglo-Saxon races of Europe — if I may make use of 
such a comparison between peoples so remote — and simi- 
larly, in the Japanese we have the versatile, vivacious type 
of mind and the alert intellect which we associate with 
the Gallic temperament. In both we have a civilization 



76 UNIVERSITY OF CALrPORNIA 

different from ours, systems of religion different from 
ours, but all worshipping the universal Deity, and a 
system of morals which is their own and highly adapted 
to their civilization. Whether they will gain by adapting 
anything of ours to their own peoples yet remains to be 
seen. For it seems to be universally true that every 
people develops best upon the line of its own genius 
rather than by adaptions of the genius of other nations. 

We have no desire to extend our boundaries. We 
know that in every period of the world's history, includ- 
ing our own, those nations which have sought to extend 
their dominion by force over foreign countries have ulti- 
mately failed. Even Napoleon left France smaller than 
he found it, as a modern instance, and among the ancients 
the Roman Empire astonished the world only to crumble 
into pieces. 

Ours can be only that kind of extension that is war- 
ranted by our having something to offer the peoples of 
the Pacific which it is to their interest to accept and in 
which both parties to the transaction will be the gainers. 
It is like any other piece of business that is done upon a 
proper plan. That contract which is not good for both 
parties to it is not a good contract. A contract that has 
in it a "joker," inserted by one side, which the other side 
has not perceived, is a bad contract. Gentlemen, in our 
dealings with Japan and China and the other races 
around the Pacific we will do well to study their wants 
and our ability honestly and honorably to serve those 
wants, and ask them to treat us in like manner. Thus we 
can proceed with self-respect on both sides, and our 
business can proceed with satisfaction to both sides. 

Others have ably set before you the difficulties of China 
and Japan on the one hand and the difficulties of race 
assimilation on the other. But it is eminently proper to 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEBOWS 77 

point out that there is nothing to be lost and everything 
to be gained by a free and hearty and wholesome 
interchange of personal and commercial relations and 
by visits and intercourse. Friends do business well 
together; strangers do business under great strain. The 
old saying that there is no friendship in business is the 
poorest of sayings. The strongest factor in the develop- 
ment of business is friendship, stimulating the sense of 
good will and good faith and of common understanding, 
and to the men of the Orient we extend the friendly hand 
of good will and of good faith. Whatever they have that 
is of value to us we desire to obtain on fair terms ; what- 
ever we have that is of value to them they will willingly 
take from us upon fair terms, and this is the essence of 
all commerce. Commerce is merely the interchange of 
commodities and commerce develops by the interchange 
of commodities upon the basis of good faith and good 
will, and we of the United States can do our part in that 
development. 

But we must first of all be true to our labels, and that 
is not so easy as it seems. There is more foolishness in 
failure to maintain the quality that underlies a label than 
in perhaps anything else. When the quality, whether it 
be of an astronomical instrument, or a piece of machin- 
ery or of a box of canned goods or a tin of sardines, 
is assured by what the label asserts it to be, we shall have 
achieved more in trading with the Orient and with South 
America and with the nations of the Pacific than we have 
yet achieved. Gentlemen, one of the problems of the 
Pacific is to be true to ourselves. Commercial honesty 
begins at home, and this we can develop with the highest 
value to ourselves and with the highest value in working 
out the problems of the Pacific. I do not mean to impugn 
the good faith of the manufacturers and exporters of the 



78 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 

United States, much less those of my own state, but it is 
the vice of all nations of rapid development that those 
who merely speculate upon their ability to distribute their 
goods first establish themselves and then let Nature take 
its course in getting rich as quickly as possible; that is 
a fault of quickly developing nations, and the chambers 
of commerce of the United States are and have been great 
factors in getting rid of it. 

In the problems of the Pacific we are, for the time 
being, handicapped by the excessive cost of production, 
which in this great and prosperous country exceeds that 
of other nations. In export trade we have to be able to 
compete with the rest of the world. The balance at the 
present time is probably against us, but that is a passing 
phase. Our standards of living are very high, our ten- 
dency to extravagance is very great. Our remarkable 
accession of prosperity, both by way of natural growth 
and by the circumstances that have arisen from the late 
deplorable war, have all combined to put upon our pro- 
duction the burden of the highest cost, probably, in the 
history of the world, but we may remember that the rest 
of the world has participated in the same phenomena. 
They may not reach the same high scale, but relatively to 
their circumstances they are under the same necessity for 
solution of the problem of the high cost of production. 
We can safely figure that this is really a temporary phase 
of our commercial life; that as the wave comes on, so 
surely does it recede, and progress is made by the succes- 
sion of those phenomena of national life. We shall get 
back gradually to where the pre-war relations are more 
nearly equated. Then will come the test whether we can 
meet the Pacific problems and we shall have to be patient 
and courageous. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 79 

Finally we shall have to do that which as yet Amer- 
ican merchants have but slightly succeeded in doing. 
That is, we shall have to prepare the way in foreign 
countries by sending to them our young men trained in 
the languages of those countries, to perfect themselves 
in the languages and acquaint themselves with the man- 
ners and customs of those lands; to find out not only 
what goods are wanted, how they are wanted, and in what 
sort of packages and delivery, but also in what manner 
we may best reach the minds and the purposes of those 
with whom we seek to trade. In thus working out the 
Pacific problem our universities are doing their part. I 
look for them in the future to make it a more prominent 
part of their curriculum that young men be prepared for 
foreign trade, and by this means, among others, they may 
help the business men of this country in solving the 
problems of the Pacific. 

And, gentlemen, upon commerce rests the whole fabric 
of our civilization. Upon commerce rest the literature 
and art and learning of the world ; it is the foundation of 
all culture, and so it seems fitting that the Chamber of 
Commerce of San Francisco should pay this tribute to 
the President of the University of California, and 
through him to the seats of learning everywhere in our 
country. 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 



The Toastmasteb : It was expected that the Governor, 
who is also President of the Board of Regents of the 
University, would grace the occasion by his presence 
tonight. But he has been unable to come, and he sends 
Mr. McBean this wire : 

"Unexpected business prevents my coming to the 
Barrows banquet tonight. Please accept for him 
my very best wishes and my fullest expectations for 
a splendid future." 

I know that you are all familiar with those outstand- 
ing qualities of President Barrows which have endeared 
him to all of us, his courage, his instinct and will to do 
the things which the public interest requires. But I must 
take you into my confidence long enough to tell you that 
he has another great quality, the quality of patience. On 
not less than ten occasions since he has become President 
of the University, I have stood up and introduced Presi- 
dent Barrows to diners gathered around the board. And 
he has stood all those introductions of mine, all those 
bombardments of mine, with infinite patience and good 
humor. So that I feel tonight he is entitled to some 
respite from me. There are two things, however, that I 
must say : One of them is that, when the Kegents selected 
him for his high office, they expressed not only their own 
judgment, but the judgment of the students and alumni 
of the University, of the educators of the State, and of 
the great mass of the people of the State of California. 
And the other thing I must say is that I know I speak 
what is in your hearts and minds when I say to him, 
adapting what Holmes said to his young friend who went 
forth to new tasks, "Love bless you, Joy crown you, God 
speed your career." — President Barrows. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 81 



ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 

Gentlemen: I am overwhelmed by your kindness. I 
cannot tell you how much it means to me to be the re- 
cipient of your generous welcome. Neither can I tell you 
how greatly the University esteems your assistance in 
entertaining in this charming way the distinguished men 
from many places who are our guests at this Charter 
Day celebration. 

The problem which we are discussing tonight is cer- 
tainly one which should appeal to you. No body of men 
anywhere have equal power for its solution with you who 
sit here tonight. It is possible that out of this gathering 
may come some phrase, some idea, that will solve this 
vexing problem of the Pacific. If I am not mistaken in 
my recollection, it was at a dinner of this very body that 
there was uttered twenty-two years ago the phrase that 
has been for so long the guiding policy of our government 
in its relations to the Far East. I think it was Lord 
Beresford who, when entertained by the Chamber of 
Commerce of San Francisco, pronounced the words, ' ' The 
Open Door," which, taken up by the governments of 
Great Britain and the United States and made into a 
great and compelling influence by our own John Hay, 
carried the diplomacy of the Far East forward for more 
than a decade. 

This city is indispensable in the solution of whatever 
of difficulty the Pacific holds. And it is one of the few 
cities anywhere that, by its spirit, is capable of solving 
a great problem of human relations. Some one here 
tonight has contrasted us with that other great city of 



82 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

the United States, the second city of the United States, 
New York. It is a great city. I must digress to tell you 
of a conversation I had a few days ago with that extra- 
ordinary Spanish writer, Blasco Ibanez. He was my 
guest at dinner and for an hour he poured forth in 
sonorous and marvelous language an incessant stream of 
vocal power. He swept briefly and swiftly over that 
great series of works which he has produced with such 
amazing speed, and then his mind went on to tell of what 
he was now going to do. This was his first visit to 
America, and America had possessed his imagination. 
He was about to write, so he told me, the first of three 
novels upon America. His first novel was to be New 
York. It was clear that that terrible mass of steel and 
stone which burdens the Island of Manhattan had gripped 
him. And he was going to tell about it in a great story. 
I asked him whether he would go back to New York to 
write that story, and he said, "Impossible. I will go 
there for one month and saturate myself again with its 
life, and then I will go away to some high place, perhaps 
the Alps, some place where there are no flies, because a 
great novelist cannot produce a novel where there are 
flies — impossible. And there I will write my story of 
New York. Then I will proceed to the next story, which 
will be my estimate of America, and I will call that story 
El Paraiso de las Mujeres, 'The Paradise of Women.' 
because that is America." And he said the problem is 
whether woman is better off here where she dominates 
than in Europe where she is dominated. I tried to sug- 
gest to him that that was not the whole of the problem, 
that there was a little of interest in it besides; that not 
fifty per cent of the problem, certainly, but perhaps five 
per cent might be stated in different form — it was a ques- 
tion of whether man is better off here where he is 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BAKROWS 83 

dominated than in Europe where he dominates. But that 
did not interest him, so we passed on to the other great 
story which is forming itself in his fecund mind, and that 
is to be the story of California. "Because," he said, 
"here you are a proud people, an imperial people, with 
your own special character. I can feel it and recognize 
it, your own special power and your own peculiar pride. 
And the thing I love you for is your pride, your haughti- 
ness, your high-mindedness. " Now, that will be a real 
story, and while I shall watch the production of his story 
that deals with New York with considerable interest, I 
shall withhold my final — and finite — judgment of this 
great writer and judge him by what he shall say of San 
Francisco, because that, it seems to me, will be the very 
triumph and summit of his art. 

We may compare ourselves, certainly, without hesita- 
tion, with the Atlantic metropolis of New York. This is a 
city that men love. It has a quality that New York has 
not. It has a spirit that New York has not — a spirit of 
affection and imagination, of generosity, which may solve 
an international problem, and that New York cannot do. 
I like to recall, as I think of this city, the city in which, 
if I remember aright, I first saw a circus, in which I first 
successfully celebrated the Fourth of July — just think 
what that means in a boy's experience ! I like to repeat, 
when I think of this city, something that that late 
lamented San Franciscan, Willis Britt, once said, "I 
would rather be a busted lamppost on Battery Street, 
San Francisco, than the Waldorf Astoria. ' ' 

And so it seems to be the province of this great city 
and of this country here, a country of practical men, a 
country of men who deal in real things and who deal 
especially in those things which bind nations together to 
their profit — it seems to be the special function of this 



84 UNIVEESITY OF CALIPOENIA 

city to solve tMs Pacific problem. And it is a very vast 
problem, and a very intricate problem. Just think of it. 
Some one here has referred to the difficult problem of 
bringing the races to an understanding. And how little 
we know of races, how little we know how far the distinc- 
tions between the various types of men go. I do not 
think they go as far as many suppose. I think they are 
far more superficial than the men of letters and the men 
of science have heretofore led us to imagine. But they 
do exist. And all the races of mankind are represented 
here on this Pacific, the dark colored races of New 
Guinea and Melanesia, the brown race, the great races of 
Asia, and many nations of the white race. And all the 
peoples of Europe have found their way into this great 
sea, and all the seafaring peoples have shared in its dis- 
covery. If you run over the names of men who revealed 
this great ocean to the knowledge of the world, they are 
from all the exploring nations, Magellan and Cook and 
Bering and Horn — you might indefijiitely extend the list — 
they are all there. All the peoples of Europe that have 
ever done anything outside of their own narrow bound- 
aries still have great interests here. Portugal's interests 
have declined, but some she still possesses. We wrested 
from Spain the last of her possessions, but Spanish life 
and Spanish speech and Spanish civilization still prevail 
over an enormous portion of this Pacific basin. France 
has her great possessions. England is represented not 
only by such colonies as Hong Kong and the Strait Settle- 
ments, but by those amazing commonwealths of New 
Zealand and Australia. The Eussian is here. We are 
here. It is a complex civilization, a complex problem, 
a problem of so adjusting all those relations that the 
nations may have wholesome attachments and exercise a 
wholesome influence upon one another and that their 
interests may not vitally conflict. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BAEROWS 85 

I believe that the successful solution of the problem 
lies primarily, as has been indicated here tonight, in 
trade. It is the business of this city to organize its trade 
so honestly, so liberally, so beneficially, and so intelli- 
gently that a solution will be reached that will be fair to 
all men. 

Now, how can the University help in this problem? I 
ask your patience for just a moment in trying to explain 
to you that we have not been wholly thoughtless of it. 
The University has for many years been preparing to be 
serviceable to you. We have built up there, in the first 
place, adequate departments that teach the languages of 
these great peoples. You can acquire in the University of 
California not merely the usual languages of Europe, but 
you can acquire there in a serviceable way the speech of 
Japan, the speech of China, the languages of India and 
Russia and Siberia. We teach them there in order that 
they may serve the relations between these people, but 
primarily that they may serve trade. We have in the 
University some hundreds of students who come from all 
these surrounding countries. They are coming in in- 
creasing numbers. They get their education through the 
generosity of this generous commonwealth. Those young 
men should be of interest to you. Follow them a few 
years and you will find them back in their own countries, 
guiding the affairs of state, organizing its medical prac- 
tice, organizing its education, organizing its trade. They 
are right here, growing up, young, susceptible men, de- 
sirous of your friendship, desirous of forming those 
attachments that will be relatively profitable to you and 
to them. Why cannot you cultivate an acquaintanceship 
here that will endure ? 

Some six years ago, before the war, following a 
suggestion derived from our great Exposition, the 



86 TJNIVEESITT OF CALIFOENIA 

University of California organized a committee of its own 
professors, a committee which now numbers about fifteen, 
called the "Committee on Foreign Relations." This 
committee has for some years been making it its task to 
bring together materials that might be serviceable in the 
solution of some of these problems which hitherto have 
not been solved because of ignorance and lack of knowl- 
edge. We are about to raise our instruction in commerce 
into a school, and a school, in the University of Cali- 
fornia, is the highest organization that we can give to any 
body of knowledge and instruction. We wish to make a 
great school of commerce and of business administra- 
tion. How adequate we shall make it rests largely with 
you and with your interests. 

I make this proposal to you in the name of the Uni- 
versity. We have over here certain qualified scholars, 
certain men who have studied these fields and know these 
fields; we are prepared to add to their number. Those 
men are at your service. They are at your service with- 
out compensation to these men themselves. I propose to 
you that you use them, and that you yourselves provide 
the facilities that will enable them to secure the infor- 
mation you require. Provide those facilities and we will 
send them, your emissaries, over the sea to different 
countries, wherever you wish them to go. They are your 
servants. Use them, if you so desire. In anything you 
undertake here as a great chamber of commerce, to build 
up more stable, more practical, more beneficial relations 
with any of these peoples who unite with us to form this 
great Pacific area, I can pledge you without reservation, 
because I know the minds of my colleagues, the assist- 
ance and help, so far as we may be permitted to give it, 
of the University of California. 



INAUGTJEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 87 

And so I come finally to the last point, tlie point which 
I suggested as the keynote of my remarks tonight — the 
Pacific, the last council field. I am glad of the optimistic 
words that have been spoken here tonight with respect to 
the prospects of peace in the Pacific. There must be peace ; 
God intended there should be peace when he made this 
great ocean. The ocean itself is so vast that, advanced 
as has become naval and military science, it is too broad 
to suffer one nation physically to menace another across 
its breadth. It not only facilitates our relations, but it 
frees our minds from disquieting fears that there might 
be launched attacks from one shore against another. It 
is physically impossible successfully to carry on physical 
aggression by Asia against North America, or North 
America against Asia. The ocean was made for the pur- 
poses of peace, not for the purposes of war. 

But there must be council, and this is the last great 
place where council can be had. Europe has carried on 
councils over the difficulties between her nations for cen- 
turies, and these councils have ended in our time in dis- 
appointment. The next great councils that will decide 
the difficulties between the nations and races of men we 
cannot expect to see in Vienna, or Berlin, or London, or 
Paris — they must be far from those disturbed and pas- 
sionate areas, on new grounds, among new peoples un- 
wasted by war, unembittered by rivalry and self-destruc- 
tion ; they must be carried on here. And I mean just this 
— I believe the peace of the world will be solved here in 
this great ocean. 

Why should it not? Our distinguished guest, Mr. 
Eeinsch, has referred to that great country in which he 
so splendidly has represented our government for more 
than six years. China is a country which for centuries 
has been dedicated to peace. Her civilization is so old. 



88 UNIVEESITY OF CALIPOENIA 

it has SO perfectly adjusted human intercourse, that it 
has proceeded for centuries without coercion, without a 
military profession, without war. The example, the 
power of her 300,000,000 people, is not going to be in- 
effective in keeping this great ocean a pacific ocean. Her 
preference is for peace and against conflict. And with 
the support of a great pacific race, an immemorial civil- 
ization dedicated to the arts of peace, cooperating with 
us and with all others who love peace, the problem of 
peace is not impossible. 

But it requires organization. And as things now 
stand, the initiative in that organization must come from 
civic life ; it must come from lay bodies, like this one, and 
it must be organized along the definite, practical lines 
that appeal to practical men. And as this is the greatest 
institution of its kind on the Pacific, it rests with the 
Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco to take proper 
initiative. 

I recall that a few years ago a great council of this 
kind was held in Shanghai for a very definite purpose, a 
council that aroused the immense moral power of the 
Chinese nation and solved what seemed to be an insoluble 
difliculty in the way of China — I refer to the Opium Con- 
ference in Shanghai in, I think, the year 1909. There 
were represented in that council all the interested nations, 
including China herself. It was a council which had for 
its purpose the great moral end of relieving China from 
the iniquity of the opium traffic. There were stubborn 
obstacles to be overcome and there was stubborn con- 
tention there for vested rights. But that council suc- 
ceeded. It not only succeeded, but aroused China to her 
own reform in one of the most splendid exhibitions of 
moral power that any nation has ever given. And if it 
did not completely end the opium question, it at least has 



INAUGUKATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 89 

reduced and abated tliat evil until it no longer threatens 
the vitality and the moral life of China. 

The thing can be done. There may not always be 
ready at hand sufficient statesmanship to keep the peoples 
of the Pacific out of difficulties. But there are always in 
the great mass men accustomed to meet difficulties and 
overcome them; there is always enough power, enough 
intelligence, if rightly organized, to accomplish the most 
necessary of our ends. 

The University of California stands here to serve. It 
can only grow by being serviceable. It cannot hope to 
keep your confidence, it cannot hope to occupy a place of 
leadership here, unless it does serve, and serve increas- 
ingly. I ask of you to make certain use of it as your good 
sense and your patriotism suggest. I pledge to you at all 
times the devotion of my colleagues to this service, to the 
service of this city, to the service of this great State, and 
to the service of all peoples who face us here around this 
great basin of the Pacific Ocean. 

The Toastmastee : President Barrows, it has been a 
great pleasure and honor to the Chamber to participate 
in this way in the ceremonies attending your inaugura- 
tion, and to welcome here the distinguished delegates who 
attend those ceremonies. 

And now, gentlemen, with the hope that we shall 
realize our opportunity, and play our full part in finding 
solutions for the problem before us, I bid you all good- 
night. 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 



CHARTER DAY INAUGURAL EXERCISES 

Held in the Greek Theatre, Tuesday, March 23, 1920 

invocation by bishop adna weight leonard 

Almighty God, Thou who art the Father of our Lord 
and Saviour Jesus Christ : We come into Thy presence in 
this moment with praises upon our lips and with thanks- 
giving within our hearts. We thank Thee for the gift 
of Him who came that He might destroy the power of 
darkness and make us the children of light. We remem- 
ber that without Thee we are utterly helpless, and that 
in fear of Thee is the beginning of wisdom. 

May Thy choicest blessing abide upon all those 
agencies that are making for the uplift of the race. In 
special manner we pray that Thy approval may rest upon 
the institutions of learning that are endeavoring to 
impart the truth. Give unto all who have the direction 
of institutions of learning Thy Spirit, that they may 
realize that in the task that is set before them they have 
the approval of the Divine One. In special manner do 
we pray for those who are the instructors of youth. May 
they realize their high calling in the stewardship of life, 
and be faithful to the task which Thou hast committed to 
them. We thank Thee for the opportunities that are 
afforded the youth of our nation, that here and elsewhere 
they may face the problems of life. 

Give to us all, Thou God Omnipotent and Omniscient, 
that desire for the truth that will make us unafraid of 
the truth. Give us the boldness of scholars ; give us the 
patience of seekers; give us the courage of those who 
would do in their day and generation their best for the 
advancement of knowledge. 



INAUGUKATION OF PRESIDENT BAKROWS 91 

In special manner now we pray that Thy blessing may 
abide upon this University. For its great record, for 
the men who have instructed the youth of other days, for 
the alumni who have filled positions of honor and trust, 
in society and in the state, and have brought credit to us 
as a people, we give Thee grateful thanks. We do not 
forget, in this auspicious moment, that large number of 
students, men and women, who in the days of the recent 
past went out to offer themselves for the liberty of the 
world — we do not forget their sacrifice. 

Be Thou with him. Almighty God, who has been 
chosen to direct all the vast interests of this institution 
of learning. May he be conscious of Thy presence in all 
of his great and diflficult tasks. And may he, in this 
position of leadership, disappoint not his fellow men, and 
may he also not disappoint Thee. 

We remember the head of our nation, the President 
of the United States, and those associated with him in 
authority. We remember the nations of the world. 
Hasten the time when order shall come out of chaos, and 
when peace shall obtain everywhere. Save us as a people 
from those extremes that would destroy what now to us 
is sacred, the American institutions. Save us, we pray 
Thee, from infidelity and unbelief. Save us for service, 
for the whole world. Minister to him who is the Governor 
of the State, and those who are his advisers and all who 
have authority over us. 

Wherein we have failed to ask for that for which we 
should, we pray that Thou wilt grant unto us in thine 
abundant wisdom. And when life's journey is done, the 
tasks of earth completed, the knowledge of this world 
obtained so far as that is possible, we pray that Thou 
wilt give us each one an abundant entrance into that 
other life. 

We ask it in the name and for the sake of Him who is 
the Way, the Truth, and the Life. Amen. 



92 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 



ADDRESS OF GREETING TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
UNIVEESITY 

By President A. Eoss Hill, of the University of Missouri 
Representing the Delegates 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I hold no com- 
mission from the other universities of the country to 
represent them on this auspicious occasion. I owe a place 
on this program rather to your partiality; perhaps, in 
the language of Mr. Dooley, "because I come so far"; 
perhaps because I happen to be one of the delegates who 
has the honor of holding a degree from this distinguished 
university; and perhaps because I find myself, after 
twelve years of service in the presidency of the Univer- 
sity of Missouri, one of six oldest university presidents 
in the country, in years of service. Whether this fact 
shall be an inspiration and a comfort to the new President 
and to the citizens of California, I leave to your imagi- 
nation. 

Those of us connected with the other universities and 
colleges of the country accept the fact that the two largest 
universities in America will be located, one at the east- 
ern gateway in New York City, where the streams of 
commerce and culture of America meet those of Europe, 
and the other right here at the Golden Gate, where the 
sun-kissed hills of the Pacific Slope look out upon Amer- 
ica's rising destiny in the Orient. And we hope, and 
without any jealousy, that these will also become the 
greatest universities in America. It is therefore with 
unfeigned pleasure that I present today the greetings, 
not only of the University of Missouri, which I have the 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEROWS 93 

honor to represent myself, but also of the other univer- 
sities and colleges which have sent delegates to this 
celebration. 

The University of California has grown so rapidly in 
recent years that the rest of us can hardly keep up with 
you, even in thought. This brings to us at times a feel- 
ing of despair, as we note the responsiveness of your 
people, not only in attendance, but in financial support. 
And again, at other times, it brings to us much comfort, 
because we find that we are able, perhaps more easily 
than you, to keep our organization up to the changing 
needs and the new problems that face us year by year. 

The University of California is at this time to be con- 
gratulated upon the inauguration of a new President, 
who has the physical and the mental vigor to deal with 
these changing problems, to help solve the problems as 
they arise. And a university president has a good many 
problems to solve. He has to deal with several different 
constituencies. In the first place, he must deal with a 
group of men who are his colleagues in the institution, 
who are members of the faculty. Then he has to deal with 
the large student body, in a university like this a very 
cosmopolitan student body. He has also to deal with the 
regents and with the great masses of the people of the 
commonwealth who support and control the university. 
I therefore can congratulate the new President upon the 
opportunities before him for a broad education. 

I have said that the University of California is de- 
veloping so rapidly that it is hard for us to follow. I had 
the good fortune to be here at the time of the Exposition, 
and again at your fiftieth anniversary celebration, two 
years ago. So I have really had the personal pleasure 
of watching the development and the construction of 
these new buildings. No university in the country has 



94 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

been making greater progress in those years in that 
material respect. But, on account of the newness of all 
this, your university still lacks something of that cahn 
and statuesque beauty of countenance that is born only 
of the travail of many generations. But if she lacks the 
transfiguration of age, she wears the fresh glory of a 
vigorous prime. Hers is the portion of youth, of youth 
with its lofty faith, its unconquerable hope, its super- 
abounding energy, its tingling sense of activity ; of youth 
that does not count what it has already attained, that does 
not dwell upon the fading records of the past, but rather 
upon the promise of all the unrevealed and, we hope, 
splendid future. 

This University, like other state universities, has one 
special characteristic among the universities of the 
world, and that is, its support and its control by, and its 
service to, the State of California. In that way, all of 
the students who attend our state universities develop 
an intense state consciousness and state conscience and 
state pride. Then our state universities which, like this, 
have some support from the Federal Government, 
through the endowment of the colleges of agriculture and 
mechanic arts, maintain a direct connection with the 
Federal Government, which is not vouchsafed to those of 
private endowment. And thus we can scarcely avoid 
coming into touch and thought with our Federal respon- 
sibilities. Furthermore, it must be noted that in general 
higher education, with its two great fundamental aims, 
humanistic culture and scientific spirit, knows no national 
boundaries. Therefore it is fitted especially to develop 
on the part of those who come under its influence the 
international mind and the inter-racial heart. 

I congratulate the University of California this morn- 
ing on the inauguration of a President who, through 



INATJGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAREOWS 95 

training and experience, has come into possession of this 
California state consciousness, also the American con- 
sciousness, and who, from experience abroad, knows 
something of the international mind. I can congratulate 
him, too, on the fact that he enters today upon respon- 
sibilities which, though onerous, enable him to do some- 
thing which makes for permanency, for a university can 
never really die. The real university, whatever changes 
it may undergo in organization or in standards, is a thing 
that lives forever. It lives in lives enriched, ennobled, 
and blessed. It lives in high thoughts and aspirations 
and ideals that stir men's minds and arouse their souls 
to nobler and to vaster issues. It lives in scientific 
achievements that create a new heaven and a new earth, 
and in improved conditions of education and of society, 
as the result of the efforts of its former students. I 
congratulate the new President then on the opportunity 
that lies before him to aid through leadership and with- 
out dictation in the development of all the resources, 
intellectual, social, and industrial, of this great, rich, 
young commonwealth in its onward triumphal march. 



UNIVEKSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



ADDEESS OF ME. WIGGINTON E. CEEED 
Eepresenting the Alumni 

Governor Stephens, President Barrows: The Alumni 
of California greet you this morning, President Barrows, 
with the deepest pride that you, an alumnus of the Uni- 
versity, are so conspicuously fitted to fill the high office 
to which you have been called. No man has ever been 
placed at the headship of a great institution of learning 
who more fully represented in his body and person the 
ideals of its people for the office. Your life and service, 
sir, have won for you the deep affection and the un- 
bounded confidence of students, alumni, and colleagues — ■ 
those nearest you — and, as well, the affection and con- 
fidence of the whole people of the State of California. 
The last months have served to confirm the great value 
of your understanding of this University, your deter- 
mination to hold all its torches high and keep them all 
burning brightly, to foster and encourage teaching, 
research, and service to the state, nation, and world. 

These ceremonies point to the international position 
of the University, and emphasize the responsibility of 
leadership which it must assume in relation to the great 
problems of the Pacific area. Above all men, your life, 
your studies, and your thoughts have fitted you to stimu- 
late the great forces and influences of this University, 
to suppress the antipathies which arise out of the meet- 
ings of strange peoples, to bring about counsel and reason 
and to stimulate the motives of cooperation and help- 
fulness on which the future peace of the world depends. 

In all these works, President Barrows, the Alumni 
stand at your side. We know that you welcome us there 



INAUGURATION OF PBBSIDENT BAEHOWS 97 

in the same spirit in which you welcome to your side your 
colleagues who constitute this community of scholars. 
In the name of the Alumni, I pledge you our affection, 
our devotion, and our untiring support. 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR CHARLES MILLS GAYLEY 
Representing the Faculty 

Dr. Barrows: It is my privilege and very great honor, 
as representative of the Faculty of the University of 
California, to welcome you as their President. 

The qualifications requisite for the successful admin- 
istration of the affairs of a great state university are 
many, distinct, and distinguished, and hard to find in full 
or proportionate combination in any one man. 

A president must be a friend and leader of youth, a 
moulder of character. He must be a scholar, up to date 
and productive in, at any rate, one field of study. He 
must be no mere specialist, but broad in his interests and 
sympathetic with all adventures in history, science, and 
the arts, and with the professional disciplines and activi- 
ties of his university. 

He must be not only an educator, but the soul of en- 
couragement to those who are associated with him in the 
noble task of education; impartial in his judgment of 
those whom he finds about him; discriminative in his 
selection of those who shall be added to their number. 
He must be wise to know who is a soldier and who is 
just "soldiering." He must plant and he must uproot, 
and still make two good professors grow where but one 
poor professor grew before. He must not only welcome 
suggestion from his associates of the faculty but invite 
it, and have grace to know when to seem to take it, and 
when to take it, and when to leave it. 

He must foster the reasonable, harjnonious and effec- 
tive participation of his faculty in the furtherance of the 
larger interests of the university. He must cooperate 
and still decide and try to rule. He must devote unbiased 
attention to the manifold and bewildering demands of 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEROWS 99 

the several departments of Ms university, and come as 
near as is proper to satisfying eacli claimant, witli due 
respect to the coordination of all outlays for the welfare 
of the organism as a whole. He must bestow this care 
not alone at the great heart and center of the concern, but 
wherever the university spreads its network of activity, 
in whatsoever power house it focuses its academic influ- 
ence, even to the uttermost corner of the state. He must 
have the shrewdness and the foresight of a railway mogul 
or a bank president, or he must borrow such endowments 
from his regents — with whom they are a divine and in- 
alienable birthright, predestined without price to the 
service of the alma mater. 

In season and out he must proclaim the services ren- 
dered by his university to the state and the impecuniosity 
of his university crying unto heaven. 

To his professors and instructors, he must be a present 
help in time of trouble, kindly, reassuring, brotherly, 
fatherly — that, always even unto the end of their journey- 
ings — but now and at once, he must be more. He must 
be a magician to them. In the wilderness, in the torrid 
noon of prices, high, glowing, glaring, shriveling, he must 
be a sudden shade as of the three score and ten palm trees 
of Elim. In the pinch of hunger, when they murmur for 
the $10,000 fleshpots of Columbia, he must evoke bread 
from heaven at sunrise and quails — maybe hot quails — 
at eventide. In the thirsty barrens, he must find and 
smite with his rod some bounteous rock of Horeb, that his 
people may drink sweet draughts of living wage, be 
greatly refreshed, hold up their heads, and acquit them- 
selves somewhat like other men. 

Nobody better than you, sir, knows that no human 
being can be all these things or do all these things, to all 
men at all times, in perfection. But we who know you, 
for you have long been our colleague and this is your own 



100 TJNIVEESITY OF CALITOENIA 

Alma Mater — we know that your heart is in the endeavor 
and your life dedicate to it. And we of the Faculty of 
this University, who put our faith in you, will see you 
through. 

Some may think that the hardest part of your job still 
remains unmentioned — the stupendous public function. 
It will, however, be the easiest; and in its performance 
you will win laurels for the University. For we know 
you as a thinker, as an expert in political theory and 
practice and in government. We know you as a leader 
and a soldier. 

"We know that you are alive to what moves in educa- 
tion ; that you mean to set this University at the head of 
that movement, in teaching, in practical service, in re- 
search. We know that in political conviction and con- 
duct you do not carry water on both shoulders. We know 
that self-seeking aims and unrealizable ideals and timid 
and faltering policies in national affairs you despise. We 
know that you are a disciplined, well-versed, forthright 
and courageous American. We know that you stand for 
equal opportunity for all, for order and justice and con- 
stituted authority. We know that you hold in horror 
autocratic usurpation of power, Bolshevist lunacy, and 
red-handed anarchy. We know that in crises, national 
and international, your heart and voice will be for the 
right. 

May you have grace to hold fast to the things that are 
good and to multiply them a thousandfold. You have 
the State at your back. You have the students, the fac- 
ulty, the alumni, the regents — the University — ^beside 
you, behind you, for what you shall do that is right — and 
what you do will be right. Winning new friendships, 
inspiring and meriting new admirations, facing un- 
daunted whatever difficulties shall arise, go forth, con- 
quering and to conquer! 



INAUGURATION OF PEBSIDENT BAEEOWS 



A MESSAGE OF GREETING FEOM PEESIDENT EMERITUS 
BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER 

Read by Professor Walter M. Hart 

Peofessor Hart. It is my privilege to read, ladies 
and gentlemen, a message from our honored President 
Emeritus, Benjamin Ide Wheeler. He says : 

"I wish I might have been present at President Bar- 
rows ' inauguration, to convey to him by form and symbol 
what has already been done by spoken word and impulse 
of the heart, the good-will of the high office to which he 
has been called. It is surely an office of high opportunity, 
as well as of stern responsibility. To its incumbent, the 
State intrusts, through a supreme trusteeship in things 
educational, a general oversight of all it may undertake 
in the fields of higher learning and research. It intrusts 
and it supports generously, but in doing this it lays a 
burden almost beyond the power of a single man to bear. 
And yet, inevitably, and no matter how much he may 
divide the toil, the President, from the moment of en- 
trance upon office, will exercise the undivided right of 
responsibility for whatever happens in the higher educa- 
tion from Berkeley to San Diego. It is a task for a full- 
grown man, and we welcome to it one who is glad it is 
hard, and who will enter into the performance of it with 
joy and rejoicing of spirit. In assuming the task, he has 
and will keep the full and hearty support of students and 
faculty and of regents and citizens, including presidents, 
however old." 



102 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



ADDRESS OF ME. RAY VANDERVOORT 
Representing the Students 

President Barrows: WMle the Regents of the Univer- 
sity deliberated upon the choice of a President, the 
students watched with profound interest the deliberations 
of that body. We read eagerly every scrap of informa- 
tion, accurate or inaccurate, which purported to indicate 
the final choice. For we knew that the future of many 
things which were dear to us as students and as prospective 
alumni depended upon the personality of our new leader. 
Through all those long months we hoped and trusted that 
the final choice would devolve upon some one who would 
be as kind, as capable, and as thoroughly satisfactory 
from the student point of view, as had been your immedi- 
ate predecessor, Benjamin Ide Wheeler. When the choice 
was finally announced, our most sanguine expectations 
were realized. 

President Barrows, we, the students of the University 
of California, have known you for many years, as a 
teacher, as a friend, as a scholar, as a soldier, as an 
executive; as a man, vigorous and forceful; and as a 
friend, sincere, frank and honest. It gives us now the 
greatest possible pleasure to congratulate you upon your 
well-earned honors, to greet you in your new capacity, to 
hail you as our chief. We assure you with all the earnest- 
ness of which we are capable that .we will support you in 
your every project, that we will obey your every sugges- 
tion, that we will watch with growing interest your steady 
ascendency in the realm of things worth while, and that 
we will work with you and for you to make this great 
University bigger and greater than ever. 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 



ADDEBSS EEAD BY G. E. SAHGAL 
Eepresenting the Foreign Students' Association 

To Hon. David Prescott Barrows, Ph.D., LL.D., President 
of the University of California, from the Foreign 
Students: 

We, the foreign students, coming from island para- 
dises of the Pacific, from the ancient shrines famed in 
ages past, from ravines and mountains hallowed by 
traditions and writings of oriental sages, from the white 
vastness of the Arctic, from the warm, fertile lands of 
coffee-scented aroma, and from peoples surging with the 
life and struggle of nations being born ; and particularly 
representing the countries of Canada, Sweden, Denmark, 
Norway, Holland, Germany, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, 
Ecuador, Colombia, Chili, Eussia, Palestine, Korea, 
India, South Africa, France, Italy, Mexico, Switzerland, 
Armenia, Greece, Central America, China, Porto Rico, 
Java, Syria, Philippine Islands, Ireland, and Japan, do 
by these presents most heartily and unitedly manifest our 
ardent appreciation of the opportunities we enjoy in this 
country, and our heartfelt gratitude to our honored Presi- 
dent and international friend for the humanitarian sym- 
pathies that animate him and our pleasure in the memor- 
able occasion which gathers us together. 

We have breathed of the idealism that inspires the 
University and we have felt the ennobling influence of its 
activities. 

To him who steers its course and directs its growth 
we offer our sincerest and best wishes for his continued 
success and welfare. 



104 UNIVERSITY OF CALITOENIA 

May this day mark the beginning of a firmer, warmer, 
and ever strengthening friendship that will consecrate the 
students of the world to the ideal of the Brotherhood of 
Man. 

Latin- American Delegation : Japanese Students : 
Herbert M. Sein. M. Yamasaki. 

Chinese Delegation: Philippine Delegation: 

Y. S. TSEN. F. S. FUENTES. 

G. R. Sahgal, Chairman, 
Foreign Students' Association. 
National President, 7th District, 
Associated Cosmopolitan Clubs of America. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 



PRESENTATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY 

By GovERNOE "William Dennison Stephens, 
President of the Regents 

President Barrows, Fellow-Regents, and Ladies and 
Gentlemen, Friends All: As Governor of this great com- 
monwealth, I am pleased and privileged to stand here 
this morning. Before I begin my formal but short ad- 
dress, I wish to compliment the orchestra and the great 
chorus of the University for giving us such splendid 
music. It is pleasing to all who occupy this stage to see 
so many representatives of so many nations of the earth 
among the student body, and we are all glad that so many 
students and so many friends are present this morning. 
We are assembled today to commemorate the birthday of 
the University, to pause from our labors and to glance 
back over the long span of years to the day when the 
founders of this institution met and dedicated this site to 
the sacred cause of learning. 

Those founders had the vision of a great seat of learn- 
ing, that would serve as a center of usefulness in all this 
part of the world; that would, year after year, send out 
into the world men and women better equipped to meet 
the varying circumstances of life, and better fitted, and 
even more determined, to build here, along these golden 
shores, a state to lead the world in the humanity of its 
legislation, in the equality of its citizenship, in the legiti- 
mate home-making, neighbor-helping prosperity of all its 
people, and in its unshakeable belief in the observance of 
law and order. 

Today we see the fulfillment of that vision. In every 
sense the University of California has come to be what 



106 UNIVBESITY OF CALirOENIA 

those that laid the first stones prayed that it should be. 
Situated on the western rim of the continent, it sheds its 
light throughout the world, for in all parts of the state, 
the nation, and the globe today will be found graduates 
who have gone forth from these walls enriched and 
ennobled in mind and spirit. 

Some were prophets in those days long gone, and we 
are reminded that there were those who had the temerity 
to predict that some day in the dim, distant future this 
campus would resound to the tread of a thousand eager 
seekers after knowledge. 

Governor Henry H. Haight, who in 1868 signed the bill 
creating the University of California, said in his com- 
mencement address in 1871 : 

"This institution is in its infancy, and yet it has a glorious 
promise. We will live to see it expand and grow. We may not 
live to see it rival in the number of its pupils the University of 
Louvain, with its six or eight thousand students in the year 
1670 ; but, if the purpose of this organization is carried out in 
good faith, we cannot be mistaken in thiaking that it has before 
it a splendid future." 

Today the University that they began counts upon its 
campus not one thousand but ten thousand in attendance. 
Our University has grown, grown, until it stands second 
to none from the standpoint of student population. We 
are justly proud of this growth. 

But we should be a weak university indeed if we were 
confined for glorification to size and numbers. What we 
wish to know is whether or not our State University is 
becoming greater in its ideals. Is it fulfilling the hopes 
of its founders in serving truly and in a large way as a 
center of our usefulness in all this part of the world 1 Is 
it meeting the expectations of those who, following its 
founders, have directed its course? Are the young men 
and young women who go from it imbued with the spirit 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 107 

of service? Are they giving back to the State a well 
rounded, useful, helpful, unselfish citizenship? In the 
answers to these questions is found the greatness of this 
institution. 

As Governor of California, as President of the Board 
of Eegents of this University, as a citizen of this great 
State, and as one representing all here today, I desire to 
express an appreciation of the genuine and unselfish 
patriotism of the man who is to lead this University for 
years to come. For love of flag and country must be 
taught to all though they come from the ends of the earth, 
and here unadulterated Americanism must be instilled 
in all those who come from American firesides, and must 
inspire all those who leave these grounds to live under 
our flag. Never so long as time shall last must the voice 
of "I.W.W. 'ism," preaching or teaching destruction of 
this government, the best, the freest, and the favored of 
God of any on earth, be heard within the walls of this 
house of learning, this sanctuary of love and veneration 
for America. 

This Charter Day marks an important epoch in the 
University's history. Not only is it commemorative of 
the institution's beginning, but it also marks the com- 
mencement of a new administration. In Dr. David P. 
Barrows, who today formally assumes the title and re- 
sponsibilities of the President of the University, we have 
a man whose own life reflects the ideals of this great seat 
of learning. As scholar, soldier, and citizen, he has ren- 
dered to the State the very highest duties of a citizen. 
In the eventful years that are to come his leadership 
among all these ten thousand or more students will prove 
an inspiration to each and all of them. 

The State and the University are to be congratulated. 
And we hail the new President with warmest hopes for 



108 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

his success. The same loyalty, love and affection that all 
gave to his illustrious predecessor — Benjamin Ide 
Wheeler — ^will be given, I am sure, to President David 
P. Barrows. 

And now, David Prescott Barrows, I give into your 
hands the key of this great University. It unlocks the 
way into the hearts and into the lives of thousands and 
thousands of students here and yet to come. It unlocks 
also the door through which the graduates of this Univer- 
sity will go forth into the world, to show to the world that 
each is loyal and true to the flag that floats above us. As 
President of the Board of Regents, and in their name, I 
clothe you with the full authority of this great office of 
President of the University, and I charge you with all its 
responsibilities. 

Ladies and gentlemen, I present to you, David Prescott 
Barrows, President of the University of California. 




i^ilii&eiuiwiiiuma'MMibjii 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BAEROWS 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 

Ladies and Gentlemen: I am deeply sensible of the 
solemnity of this moment, in which I have received from 
the President of the Board of Eegents the symbol of 
office. For better or for worse, for an uncertain period, 
a part of the government of this great University is in- 
trusted to me. I am conscious of your great interest and 
solicitude, and I cannot free myself from a sense of re- 
sponsibility and concern. But your presence here, your 
splendid kindness in greeting me, the participation of the 
Governor of the State, of commanders of our Army and 
Navy, the heads and representatives of friendly insti- 
tutions, and this great concourse, bid me accept this 
responsibility sensibly and without diffidence. 

I have taken for the subject of my remarks Academic 
Freedom. I have chosen this topic in the hope that it 
may have a measure of interest for each and every one of 
us here. This is a place where I like to believe there has 
been cultivated a very noble form of that freedom which 
beco.meth a university. The original professorships were 
filled by men of character and great independence. For 
nearly twenty years this great body of students has been 
self-governing. There are no detailed regulations for the 
control of conduct on this campus, but our life finds its 
guidance and harmony in a daily emphasis on "the good 
of the University. " This is a fit place in which to observe 
and define academic freedom. 

Also we are met in the presence of friends, delegates, 
and students from other centers of learning, which from 
distances far and near have sent us spokesmen of their 



110 UNIVEKSITY OP CALIFOENIA 

interest and fellowship. Many of these are from foreign 
lands. I hope my topic will have significance for them, 
because that intelligent approach to one another which 
may be afforded to the student class of many countries 
through this University can, I think, never be realized 
except by cultivating here a society which properly bal- 
ances order and liberty, and which depends upon a 
common regard for our freedom to make practicable a 
genuine sharing of all our privileges. As for myself, it 
has seemed that I could not, perhaps, do better today than 
attempt to analyze the responsibility which the presi- 
dency of an American university has to this freedom of 
the university. It occurs to me that every president 
should attempt to do this at least once, and that for me 
the present occasion would seem to be the appropriate 
one. 

American university organization, like American in- 
stitutions generally, has departed boldly from the old 
European type from which it is remotely derived. The 
universitas of Europe's period of revived learning was 
a legal corporation of scholars, self-governing, self -per- 
petuating. Such corporations established themselves at 
Bologna, Paris, or Oxford, and received fro,m the princes 
or ruling powers of that day special charters of privilege 
exempting them from secular jurisdiction — that is, they 
were given a freedom and autonomy which have survived 
as a great and noble tradition even to this day and to this 
remote shore. But with us the state university is an insti- 
tution created by the commonwealth to serve its higher 
needs, responsible to the people. The corporation is a 
body of state servants (in our case of twenty-four) chosen 
in several ways, but so constituted as to be above the 
control of any personality or faction ; regularly but slowly 
renewed, and able for this reason to initiate and realize 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAREOWS 111 

policies extending over long terms of years ; a perpetual 
trusteeship in the name of the state and of the republic 
for administering those great properties, endowments, 
and appropriations which have been dedicated to the 
higher learning. But they have also a service to perform 
higher and more important even than the faithful trustee- 
ship of great properties, and this is their service in build- 
ing up and protecting our academic community, in not 
merely finding the resources to make possible here great 
teaching and profound research, but of filling this place 
with a spirit congenial to the scholarly mind and jealous 
of its liberties. Great as our pride is in this fair site with 
its Grecian hills and its far ocean vista, great though our 
satisfaction in these stately and imperishable buildings, 
I know I express the mind of every Regent when I say 
that our still more profound interest and concern are in 
the reputation of our academic body, the support of our 
men of learning, the encouragement of our great student 
company to use well and profitably the opportunities of 
this foundation. These are our main endeavors. 

And here I am led to enquire, what is an academic 
community in the American republic, and particularly in 
this great western section of our republic where the state 
itself has been so solicitous to erect and sustain univer- 
sity institutions ? Our academic company is a fellowship, 
not removed or cloistered from the common thought and 
busy activities of men, but a part of the community's 
stirring life and intimately associated in its leadership, 
and yet none the less distinguished from other callings 
by the fact that its men and women have chosen this work 
and this place because one and all, at one time or another, 
they have been deeply moved by a common experience. 
And the common experience is this — that all have appre- 
hended that above all other joys of life is the joy of 



112 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 

discovery. The student 's approach to a new and difficult 
field of knowledge is usually through a fog of misunder- 
standing, but to the diligent the state of doubt gradually 
clears and there comes a radiant sense of comprehension 
which we may consider the highest delight of the human 
soul. With it come also a power of analysis and a sense 
of mastery. And then, if the subject be pursued by 
sufficient power of the mind, comes a revelation to the 
scholar that his labors and sincerity are disclosing some 
part of the great mystery of this universe which men 
have never solved before. This I believe to be the experi- 
ence which time out of mind has swept men from their 
routine and the anticipated order of their living and 
committed them to great and passionate adventures in- 
volving inconvenience, self-denial, and the general sub- 
ordination of all other objects and aims. 

This, I claim, is the experience which all men must 
have who would be worthy members of a university, and 
the first care of a university should be to so order itself 
as to make this experience a powerful and if possible a 
common recurrence to those who dwell here. 

I realize that this may be a somewhat unattainable 
ideal; that for some the quest ends in weakness and dis- 
couragement; that in every academic community there 
are likely to be those upon whom this adventure has 
palled; that at all times 

"Many have loved truth 
And lavished life's best oil 
Amid the dust of books to find her, 
Content at last for guerdon of their toil 
With the cast mantle she has left behind her ; ' ' 

and I realize also that perhaps most of us are destined 
to be inspired more by others' success than by our own, 
but none the less I believe that the force which assembles 



INAUGtJEATlON OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 113 

men in academic communities and holds these communi- 
ties together against the obvious inducements of the world 
is the charm of belonging to a body which discloses life 's 
secrets and the fascination experienced by audacity in 
discovery. And it is because truth is our endeavor that 
moral power inheres in a university and that there is 
something here that men regard and revere, something 
that appeals to the undying crusading spirit of the race, 
that helps all to realize that the quest is no common one 
and cannot be followed by common men, that those 

"Love truth best who to themselves are true, 
And what they dare to dream of dare to do ; 
They follow her and find her 
Where all may hope to find, 
Not in the ashes of a burnt-out mind, 
But beautiful with danger 's sweetness 'round her. ' ' 

It is, then, this searching, questing, unslaked spirit 
that makes such a company as ours a true university — a 
spirit that will not stop dismayed or fearful, but which 
writes at the head of each enterprise such a title as that 
which Professor Goldwin Smith gave to his last volume 
of his searching if insufficient essays, "No Eefuge but in 
Truth." 

Fit men who enter university life should enter it 
wisely disillusioned as to certain things. They should all 
cheerfully and discerningly appreciate at the start that 
there are no great material rewards, that they must, so 
far as regards any prospects which the university offers, 
live and die poor men — poor, that is, in the sense in 
which a very rich and generously spending nation uses 
that term. But there are further great privileges in the 
life which I think we may properly emphasize, for they 
should be ever present in our minds and they should be 
particularly held before that chosen element of our 



114 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

student body whom we would with pleasure see turn its 
interest to the university as a profession. 

One of the best of these privileges is the social ad- 
vantage which the university professorship affords. I 
use this word social advantage in no common sense. I 
refer to the obvious fact that a man or woman holding a 
professorship in a university distinguished for its great- 
ness of spirit and the soundness of its scholarship needs 
no other line of recommendation to admit him, world 
over, into the company of the most interesting persons 
and communities. He may expect to receive the court- 
eous and attentive interest of governments and acad- 
emies, literary and artistic groups, wherever he may 
wander and desire to make himself known. He can asso- 
ciate with the world's best men and women at all times 
and places upon the plane of perfect equality that neither 
requires nor admits any sacrifice of self-respect or any 
recognition of patronage from the great and powerful. 

A great institution like our own naturally and easily 
wins as its guests the truly great and distinguished men 
and women who pass our way in their circuits of the 
earth. We, their modest entertainers, are able to con- 
verse with them on a ground of simple and respectful 
understanding. Surely this companionship with the 
truly noble is one of the finest privileges of life and one 
which a university affords in a manner that no other 
institution or circle can rival. 

And intimately associated with this is the fellowship 
of ourselves, something so rare and so inspiring, so en- 
riching in its experience and inspiration, that one who 
has dwelt for any length of time in an academic com- 
munity feels life elsewhere somewhat barren and forlorn. 
It recalls what James Eussell Lowell said in his Harvard 
anniversary address thirty-five years ago: "Nothing is 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 115 

SO great a quickening of the faculties or so likely to 
prevent their being narrowed to a single groove as fre- 
quent social commingling of men who are aiming at one 
goal by different paths. ' ' 

But perhaps the greatest attraction of university life, 
and the one which most distinguishes it is that embraced 
in my title, namely its freedom. I approach here a much 
discussed topic and one certainly preeminent among the 
interests of a university. What is meant by academic or 
university freedom? How is our life free above other 
men's lives? What are the true and proper limitations 
to our freedom and what are the hindrances to that free- 
dom which university life in America has not succeeded 
in preventing? 

I realize it is somewhat audacious for me to approach 
this subject so early in my experience because it is often 
charged that the American university president is the 
great trespasser upon university freedom, and he is fre- 
quently mentioned (I do not know with what propriety) 
as the tyrant of academic men's destinies. But I find 
myself prepared to admit this — that without freedom 
there can be no university. 

I shall begin my analysis of what our freedom of life 
embodies with one of its less disputable points, namely 
its freedom from fixed engagements. It is the lot of men, 
for the most part, to be bound inescapably to their tasks, 
to have their work measured and apportioned by others, 
their methods prescribed, their products standardized. 
In most of these respects the academic man is free and 
he has an ample release from set engagements. Long 
experience in the organization of teaching has seemed to 
indicate that to do it well it must be done sparingly, that 
the number of times a week in which a man can give his 
best to a class, without exhausting the batteries of his 



116 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

physical being, is relatively small, and that, for men of 
our race at least, the periods of instruction must be in- 
terrupted by relatively ample periods of cessation. This 
gives to the university worker frequently recurring 
periods of relief that are commonly spoken of as holidays 
or vacations. Where properly employed, however, they 
are less periods of leisure than they are periods of relief 
from appointments, during which the mind may be ex- 
clusively turned and the energies concentrated upon the 
advance of that investigation in which the university man 
is enthralled. They are periods advisable for movement, 
travel, and visiting of perhaps distant lands and peoples 
where alone an investigation can be carried to complete- 
ness. The knowledge that characterizes universities is 
markedly knowledge which cannot be pursued parochi- 
ally. It must have the benefit of wide intercourse. For 
its successful advance it must frequently be carried to 
the uttermost parts of the earth. The forests, the waters, 
the earth's stratifications, the uttermost parts of the 
planet, its types of men, their society, beliefs, creations, 
must frequently be examined in a most general manner. 
So that travel and exploration in the physical sense are 
characteristic of academic communities and among the 
essentials for the successful prosecution of their en- 
deavors. Our liberal vacations, the sabbatical years, 
offer a kind of opportunity which experience has shown 
is indispensable to the university. But in whatever way 
the academic man chooses from year to year to employ 
that generous period of liberation from fixed duties, it is 
clear that he is uncommonly free, and that his freedom is 
one of the most splendid and generous sides of academic 
life. It is a kind of release which neither great wealth 
nor high administrative responsibility can assure. 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEKOWS 117 

Another sort of freedom permissible in a university is 
freedom from artificial conventions of our complex 
society. In the midst of life increasingly busy with 
trivial employments and diversions, increasingly weighted 
with superfluous possessions, the life of university men 
is permitted to continue relatively simple, homely, plain. 
University standards permit us to live, if we please, in 
relatively unpretentious and comfortable homes, with 
only such furnishings and accessories as we choose to 
have because they actually contribute to our comfort and 
sense of pleasure, and to give our entertainment and 
intercourse a classical simplicity. This point may seem 
trivial to some, but it means a great deal that in a state 
which is tempted to such present-day extravagances and 
display as is the American nation, we may here, if we so 
desire, cultivate plainness and simplicity without diffi- 
dence or concern. 

Finally, we come to that special freedom to which the 
term "academic freedom" is sometimes confined — free- 
dom of teaching and of thought and utterance associated 
with it. This is undoubtedly the crucial point of our 
inquiry. Is a professor in a university, and above all in 
a state university, to be permitted to express himself 
without restraint? I am not sure that I represent the 
unanimous academic view, but as a practical answer I 
would say yes, once a man is called to be a professor. 
The earlier grades of academic advancement are neces- 
sarily probationary, but once the professorial status is 
conferred the scholar cannot thereafter successfully be 
laid under restraint. The bounds upon his action must 
be those of his o^\ti defining — the consciousness that he is 
speaking as one in authority, as one appointed to act with 
such consideration and courtesy as become a gentleman 



118 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENTA 

and that any lapse into utterance that is foolish and 
uninformed will affect the esteem in which he is held. 
The bestowal of the rank of professor is conditioned upon 
maturity of experience, soundness of knowledge, sincerity 
of character, and those qualities which enter into the con- 
siderations leading to the choice for the professorship 
must be trusted to work out satisfactorily for the man, 
his teaching, and his institution. It is apparent that all 
academic choices are not equally successful. Some are 
obviously lamentable. Institutions like ours must occa- 
sionally suffer from the indiscretions and vulgarity of 
their members, but experience seems to indicate that a 
university suffers far less by enduring such conduct with 
dignity and restraint than it does by coercive or punitive 
action. 

An appointment to a professorship here with us, and 
I believe the same obtains generally in the most dis- 
tinguished of our American institutions, is for life. I 
do not say that disloyalty to country or grossly immoral 
conduct are not reasons for summary removal, but, these 
considerations apart, a professorial appointment is prac- 
tically a permanent engagement and the university which 
does not stand for this principle, even in the face of 
irritation and criticism, wiU in time be punished by a 
failure to command the interest of distinguished scholars. 
Doubtless it is the responsibility of the president, as 
occupying a position in which he is especially open to the 
effects produced by academic indiscretions, to counsel 
and to advise frankly, but I think he may not threaten, 
I think he may not advocate punishment. These last 
actions are incompatible with the democracy and inde- 
pendence essential to university fellowship. 

Our main safeguard is wisdom in selecting the univer- 
sity personnel, and advancing to professorial grade. The 



IlSrATJGTJEATION OF PEESIDENT B ARROWS 119 

man who is known to be penetrated with the academic 
spirit, to whom pretence and insincerity are detestable 
and who is chosen because he is a man of knowledge and 
of character will never offer real embarrassment to a 
university which fears not the principle, ' ' No Refuge but 
in Truth." 

I appreciate that there are times which are excep- 
tional, when men neither in a university nor in civil 
society generally may use their privilege of speech and 
criticism. War is such a season. As one who has known 
the restraints of a soldier, I do not sympathize with the 
extreme liberal view that expression of view should not 
be limited even in war. War is a highly abnormal experi- 
ence in which thousands and millions of men, at utmost 
danger to their lives, forego all freedom, surrender all 
liberty to the necessary requirements of military disci- 
pline. And this being the situation of the men who fight, 
some measure of. restraint is justifiable over the entire 
nation, that the army may suffer no increased hazard. 
And there may also be other crises in a state so acute, so 
disturbing, so painful to large numbers, as to necessitate 
a temporary suppression of free utterance, but normally 
the rule of academic freedom holds. 

Having said this, I wish to distinguish a university as 
a place where those who belong to it have free utterance 
from a place where every comer may have freedom of 
speech. The two ideas are not consistent. The univer- 
sity is not an open forum. Its platforms are not free to 
the uninstructed or to those without repute. It is not a 
place where any sort of doctrine may be expounded by 
any sort of person. There is a public attitude that 
sometimes questions the right, particularly of a state 
university, to exclude any from public utterance in uni- 
versity halls. But just as the permanent members of a 



120 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 

university are selected with great care and for reasons 
of confidence in their knowledge, so those who are invited 
to speak incidentally or occasionally must be judged with 
comparable consideration. 

I now come to my final point. What is the place of 
the president in this academic community and what his 
responsibility to this freedom? The President of the 
University of California is a member of its Academic 
Senate, he is a colleague of the teaching force as well as 
of the Regents and according to the bylaws of the Univer- 
sity he is the normal avenue of communications between 
the two bodies. It seems to be his responsibility to draw 
all the various institutions which make up the University 
into a helpful arrangement with one another and assure 
their common development, and he is obviously the center 
and chief of a large, staff to whom the administrative 
tasks of the University are entrusted. It is his duty to 
inform the Regents as to the University's needs, recom- 
mend financial provision for those needs and bring to 
the Regent's attention those academic policies upon 
which our Senate has concluded its consideration. It is 
obvious that he cannot, in such a community as ours, do 
these things except in the closest association with the 
academic life itself. It would be presumptuous and 
futile for him to attempt in a secretive or solitary manner 
to formulate an academic policy or to nominate to our 
membership. The University is a place dependent upon 
being friendly, and university matters can only be settled, 
in Sir Arthur Help's fine phrase, "by friends in council." 

The President has responsibility to see that needed 
action is taken; that decisions are reached, though the 
decision may not be exactly his. But he can afford to 
assume very little of autocratic authority in such matters. 
Rather would he seem to be a point about which may 



INAUGUEATION OP PEESIDENT BARKOWS 121 

gather those elements which result in a clear and im- 
perishable crystal of opinion, or, to change the figure, 
possibly a hard, irritating substance within the precious 
mother-of-pearl which leads to the accumulation there of 
those translucent particles which produce a diadem. 

It is in this spirit at least that I approach this office 
which has been so lately conferred. I am sensible of its 
distinguished character, of its great opportunities, of the 
fine traditions we associate with it, of the friendship and 
esteem that surround it; but I am sensible also of its 
cares and its chagrins, of the fact that that very freedom 
which I have so extolled as the embodiment of the 
academic life is, by the nature of the presidential office 
among us, largely denied to it. No one who views it as I 
have been privileged to view it here, as student, as 
alumnus, as teacher, could approach it without reverence, 
without humility, and without a sincere disposition to 
give all that he possesses in order that our common life 
may be kept in those free and honest paths along which 
it has so well proceeded and which are leading us seem- 
ingly to heights of usefulness and influence of which no 
man can see the summits. 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA 



ADDRESSES DELIVERED AT THE ALUMNI BANQUET 
IN HONOR OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 

Hotel Oakland, Oakland, March 23, 1920 

ADDEESS OF MB. WIGGINTON E. CREED 
Toastmaster 

Governor Stephens, President Barrows, Alumni and 
Alumnae of California: In your name I welcome here 
tonight not only the Governor and the new President of 
the University bnt the delegates who have attended the 
inauguration. And I express to them our appreciation 
of their interest in us which has brought them to these 
ceremonies. 

As I look about this crowded room, the thought occurs 
to me that if we keep on growing, we shall have to come 
to what may be called alphabetical dinners — that the 
alumni from A to D will dine in one place, and President 
Barrows take his soup with them, and then go on to those 
from E to G for the next course. Our growth has been 
enormous. Today we have approximately 18,000 gradu- 
ates and ex-students of the University who are eligible 
to membership in our Alumni Association. As a body, 
we have been able upon picturesque or special occasions 
— to adopt a well-known phrase — to spring full-panoplied 
over night to the support and aid of the University. But 
we have not given that sustained effort which character- 
izes the alumni associations of universities privately en- 
dowed. Several months ago I went into the data of 
alumni associations, and I was astounded to see that, 
with one or two exceptions, the associations of privately 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 123 

endowed universities had higher percentages of members 
in their associations than state university alumni asso- 
ciations. I found, too, that in the matter of gifts, aver- 
aged over the entire body of eligible alumni, the associa- 
tions of privately endowed universities far exceeded 
those of any state institution for which I was able to find 
records. 

To meet that situation, to give you the opportunity to 
play your full part, the Council of this Association has 
created a Board of Visitors. The duty of the members 
of that board will be annually to visit the University, to 
inquire into its work, and to consider its problems. The 
board is so organized that large numbers of alumni can 
serve upon its various sub-committees. 

Let me say at this point, and I feel I can say it with 
all propriety because I have sat upon the Board of 
Eegents as your representative, that if the alumni who 
are called to serve upon the Board of Visitors and its 
sub-committees approach their task in the same spirit in 
which the Eegents of the University approach their 
duties and obligations, the Board of Visitors will be one 
of the most potent forces for the good of the University 
of California. The thing which forced itself upon me 
when I first became a member of the Board of Eegents 
was the unselfish devotion of those men to the University, 
their willingness to sacrifice their own business interests 
to serve the University, and their willingness to give 
time without stint to the problems and the work of the 
University. 

These committees or subdivisions of the Board of 
Visitors will concern themselves, for example, with the 
graduate division and research. The alumni who come 
to serve on the sub-committee assigned to the graduate 
division and research will learn the problems and needs of 
the University in that great function of university work, 



124 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

the work of discovery. The fundamental idea in univer- 
sity work is research, is the opportunity of scholars for 
self-expression, for contributions to the progress of the 
world. We know that there will be pressure enough, there 
will be demand enough, there will be support enough, for 
the practical work of the University — there will be oppor- 
tunity and funds for the University to render practical 
service to the great commonwealth, the great empire in 
which we live. And it is right that that condition should 
exist. No greater or more noble work can be done by the 
University than to serve this great commonwealth in 
every practical and helpful way. But there must come 
increasing support to the University of California on the 
side of its scholarly work, on the side of its work of dis- 
covery and leadership in the world of scholarship. I 
stand here as your President and say that I look to this 
great body of 18,000 alumni to rise and do their part in 
furthering that side of university work. 

In respect of student and faculty welfare, there is a 
great opportunity for the alumni to work out the problem 
of student housing in Berkeley, to be helpful to the 
Eegents in solving that great problem. And particularly 
are the women interested in the solution of that problem. 
Housing conditions in Berkeley are far from satisfactory 
because of the very rapid growth of the student body. 
Some definite constructive task must be undertaken in 
that respect. Who better can initiate that work, who 
better can help in solving the problem, than the alumni 
who know the University and must know it as it grows 
and develops year by year. 

One other item in the task before the Board of Visitors 
appeals to me, and that is the duty of the alumni to con- 
cern themselves with the whole subject of university 
training. We are interested in seeing graduates turned 
out of the University who have a mastery of something, 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAER0W8 125 

and a point of view which pays the State for the education 
they have received. We are not concerned with mere 
aggregations of units. We want men and women to go 
out from the University who are masters, who represent 
a university education, and who can give in increasing 
numbers the great service to the world which it needs 
from educated men and women. The President of the 
University in his recent address to the students said that 
elementary work must be cut down in the University. 
That is a sound pronouncement. The elementary work 
which ought to be done in the high schools must be done 
in the high schools, and must not be done in the Univer- 
sity to the diminution of the efforts of the University 
toward real university education. 

Here, my fellow-alumni, is a wonderful opportunity 
for you to help, for you to serve. President Barrows 
wants you beside him in helpful counsel and in support, 
just as he wants beside him in the same way his colleagues 
over in Berkeley. And you must come forward and make 
of this Board of Visitors an organization which will rank 
in dignity, in force, in power, and in intelligence, with 
any force or power concerned with university education. 

Our chief thought tonight is, of course, the inaugura- 
tion of President Barrows, and our hearts are warm over 
the fact that we have him as our President for this great 
institution which we all love and serve. 

President Barrows has been greeted on behalf of the 
alumni on several occasions by me, but no one has yet 
greeted him in the name of the women in our Alumni 
Association. It is a pleasure to me tonight to call upon 
one of our alumnae who is well known to you and who 
has had at all times an abiding interest in the University, 
an abiding interest in the education of women. I call 
upon Mrs. Alexander F. Morrison to greet President 
Barrows. 



126 UNIVERSITY OF CALITOENIA 



ADDRESS OF MRS. MORRISON 

A birthday celebration is counted the most joyful of 
all family festivals — probably because it is the most inti- 
mate, belonging to the family itself. To the older mem- 
bers of the family it is a day impressively set apart for 
bestowing good wishes. To the younger members of the 
family it is a day hailed with great rejoicing. 

There is a vital moment in the life of every human 
being which determines whether the celebration of the 
birthday shall be gay or serious. It is the imperceptible 
moment when youth passes into age. Although acclaimed 
by no visible hand upon the dial and by no audible bells 
ringing out the hour, it is at this vital moment that the 
processes of life, which in every human being have been 
consistently constructive, now become consistently de- 
structive. At the subtle moment when the wearing-out 
process overbalances the building-up process the crest of 
the mountain of life has been reached, and from that 
moment on the path which has been continuously ascend- 
ing turns abruptly downward until it is finally lost in the 
shadows. With expectant eyes upon the future, it is the 
youth of the world that joyously awaits the advent of 
each coming year. 

This is the night of Charter Day, March twenty-third, 
1920, and we are gathered together to celebrate the fifty- 
second birthday of the University of California — a birth- 
day that may be rightly celebrated with the enthusiasm 
of youth, for Alma Mater is just as young in spirit tonight 
as she was in that eventful year of 1868, when by charter 
she took her place among the great universities of this 
country. 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAEROWS 127 

As an institution Alma Mater differs from the indi- 
vidual, because an individual grows old and Alma Mater 
always remains young. Built up by the spiritual powers 
of man and sustained by spiritual forces, Alma Mater is 
free from the material limitations of the body. Being 
spiritual in essence, the constructive forces at work in 
the University always outweigh the destructive pro- 
cesses. As this constitutes the difference between youth 
and old age, Alma Mater can never grow old, and, re- 
maining young, she is entitled on each of her birthday 
celebrations to the joy and enthusiasm which belong to 
youth. 

It is sometimes said that the University has acquired 
a habit of joyous celebrations. If so, it is in accord with 
the spirit of the bay cities, which in their love of pageants 
and processions are distinctively Latin. It is not only 
the spirit of the bay cities^it is the spirit of California 
herself. Inspired by this spirit of California, the Alumni 
never fail to find good and sufficient reasons why they 
should come together on every Charter Day. 

There have been some very impressive celebrations. 
On March twenty-third, 1893, the University appropri- 
ately commemorated its twenty-fifth anniversary. In 
1910, the University celebrated the "Golden Jubilee" in 
honor of the establishment of the College of California. 
In 1915, the year of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, the 
University celebration was in the nature of a Pacific 
International Conference. In 1918, the University cele- 
brated its fiftieth anniversary. 

On March twenty-third, 1917, a new spirit fell on the 
assembled Alunmi — the joy of the occasion had vanished, 
and in its stead was a great calm, the cahn that always 
accompanies human feeling when it reaches its greatest 
height. The time was at hand for the grand sacrifice that 



128 UNIVEESITT OF CALIFORNIA 

should be made for country and for the world, and with 
suffused eyes and beating hearts all who were present 
stood ready to answer "aye" to the great call. 

On March twenty-third, 1919, the Alumni welcomed 
the return of the boys from the war. Heavy hearts grew 
light and the spirit of thanksgiving for the return of the 
boys was the soul of the festival. In the "Hymn of 
Thanksgiving" the mention of the names of the boys who 
would never return sounded as a deep minor chord. 

Today, March twenty-third, 1920, marks another birth- 
day gathering, and tonight we celebrate the return of one 
particular boy who went to the Front. Although he has 
reached man's estate, he is still a U.C. boy, an "M.A." 
of the class of '95, who was graduated twenty-five years 
ago today. With the enthusiasm of a boy he put aside all 
that was dear to him, and, leaving all that was precious 
behind him, he laid his sword on the altar of his country 
and said from a full heart "My Country, here am I." 
The war over, he reverently folded away the standard of 
the Eed, White, and Blue and then, bidden to a new post 
of duty, had placed in his hand the standard of the Blue 
and Gold. I refer to the soldier boy — at the same time a 
man of mature thought and scholarly dignity — ^the man 
to whom has been confided the leadership in directing the 
destiny of the University. 

Perhaps no one realizes tonight better than our new 
President that the opportunity for service to the Univer- 
sity by its Alumni is greater than ever before. 

It is true that the smoke of battle has passed away, 
but dark clouds still veil the horizon. In the wake of war 
we find in the world confusion and passionate unrest. 
There is an existing enmity of nation against nation, 
while a deep and widespread industrial bitterness seems 
to reach to the remote corners of the earth. There are 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 129 

evil forces at work which, threaten, if not rightly under- 
stood and properly dealt with, to disrupt society itself 
as we now know it. 

How shall the world be led back to mutual tolerance 
and to a common happiness? Is not the day at hand for 
the higher institutions of learning to become the steady- 
ing force of the world? Must not the groups of highly 
trained men and women within the college walls and the 
great numbers of trained graduates outside of college 
walls the world over form the battalions of an army 
which shall fight to restore the spiritual welfare of the 
world ? 

There must be statesmen wise enough to diminish in- 
ternational friction, there must be leaders in social ex- 
periments, leaders in public health, in public morals, and 
perhaps most of all, leaders in public education, leaders 
filled with true ideals of human service. 

Ever since the signing of the armistice, a wave of 
radicalism has been sweeping over the world with such 
strength and swiftness that it threatens to engulf some 
of our social institutions. Against radicalism the great 
universities must stand as the mightiest bulwark of 
defense. Extreme radicalism is in its essence a per- 
verted method of thought. It starts from false premises 
and draws false deductions, and then endeavors to force 
these deductions upon an unwilling world. When the 
world shall have been taught to think accurately and 
reason correctly, extreme and irresponsible radicalism 
must disappear. Law alone cannot accomplish the result, 
for it has been well said that "Progress is not created by 
law — it is fastened by law" and also that "Law never 
pushes on civilization — it keeps it from slipping back." 
It is the work of the universities to push on civilization. 



130 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

At a birthday party it is customary to bring gifts. To 
this birthday party tonight I bring no material gift, but 
may I be allowed to formulate what I wish I might be 
empowered to give? I should like to offer whole-heart- 
edly to our new President the cooperation of all the 
graduates of this institution along three different lines. 

In the first place I should like to be empowered to offer 
to the new President the cooperation of the Alumni in 
strengthening the resolve of the University to raise its 
standards of admission and to demand from its entrants 
a proper preparation in fundamentals. The University 
has grown so enormously in numbers that the time seems 
to be at hand when she may be authorized to trim her 
lists and exclude f rora entrance the idlers, the ineffectives, 
and the mentally inaccurate. 

In the second place I should like to be empowered to 
offer to the new President the cooperation of the Alumni 
in strengthening the University in a resolve to raise the 
standard of scholarship within the college walls. This 
step onward would enable the University to add to her 
ranks the effectives, the studious, and the worthy. 

Thirdly, I should like to be empowered to offer the 
University the cooperation of all her graduates in secur- 
ing an adequate, an appropriate — yes, a generous — salary 
for her professors and teachers. 

In regard to the first form of cooperation, which calls 
for the raising of the standards of admission, I think I 
can best bring this necessity home to you in a few con- 
crete examples, which have not been manufactured for 
the occasion but are examples from every-day life. These 
answers were given in a written examination to questions 
submitted to candidates seeking important positions in 
San Francisco. The applicants for the positions were 



INAUGITEATION OP PRESIDENT BAREOWS 131 

all of them either high school graduates or students in 
their first or second year at college. 

Question. "Who was Henry of Navarre? 

Answer. Henry of Navarre was otherwise known as Henry 
the Eighth and had eight wives. 

Q. Who was Henry of Navarre? 

A. A descendant of Louis Napoleon and King during the 
French Revolution. 

Q. What was the Spanish Armada? 

A. The Spanish Armada was a ship that withstood battles 
and storms for many centuries and finally it went down on 
Dewey Day in Manila Bay. 

In a written composition on the "Crusades," the following 
explanation was given: "The Crusades were battles generally 
fought at sea in which the horses wore very heavy armor and 
the lords were all surrounded by their 'surfs.' " 

These examples speak for themselves and, as glitter- 
ing examples of inaccuracy, illustrate the first point. 

In regard to the second form of cooperation, which 
relates to the raising of the standard of scholarship 
within the college, I wish the University might be per- 
mitted to give to its freshman class the advice which is 
given to a prospective student in that stimulating little 
book called "The College Student and His Problems." 
This advice reads as follows: "You are now ready to 
come into some efficient knowledge of yourself, to secure 
a reasonable mastery of your powers, to change the 
rather flimsy and nebulous and gelatinous mass called 
your brain into something with clearness of outline and 
firmness of grasp, to substitute a steady and powerful 
mental stride for a rather shambling mental gait, to put 
grip and grit in place of mental flabbiness, and to lay well 
either the general or the special foundation for the activi- 
ties of later life." 

Should the University be duly permitted to raise its 
standards, it would not be required to prepare its 



132 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

students only for pursuits that "pay." In addition to 
preparation for pursuits that "pay," the University 
would demand a course of study which would develop 
sanity of judgment, breadth of vision, and power to 
grapple with the great problems of life. 

The attitude of mind of the Alumni toward these two 
forms of cooperation, namely, the raising of the standards 
of admission to the University and the raising of the 
standards of scholarship within the University, is of vast 
importance to the University. The example set to the 
great public by the Alumni when the time came for the 
Alumni to weigh their own sons and daughters and per- 
haps find them wanting, would greatly help or hinder the 
University in its step forward. 

In regard to the third form of cooperation, which 
relates to the proper payment of professors and instruc- 
tors, let us not fail to pay our teachers fitting salaries 
lest we pay the price in wasted young manhood and in 
wasted young womanhood. The proper teacher should 
have time for study, for reflection, and for proper prep- 
aration of his work. His attitude in the class should be 
one of calm, which is impossible unless the teacher's mind 
be free from the distractions of financial worry. The 
beauty of the physical plant of a university reflects its 
glory in the eyes of the onlooker, but the greatness of its 
teaching force reflects the glory of the university in the 
life of the world. If necessary, let us delay the construc- 
tion of new buildings, let us reduce the number of the 
student body by the legitimate means of imposing higher 
standards, and let us suitably pay the members of our 
faculty. 

At this period in the world's history, the future holds, 
as never before, exciting opportunities for service and 
achievement, and, to prepare the way, the University 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 133 

must train to the highest degree in the individual the full 
expression of all his talents. May the University go for- 
ward with new vigor to larger things ! 

May I close my remarks of the evening with a toast? 
I hold in my hand a goblet containing the very best 
vintage that California ever produced. It is clear, spark- 
ling, refreshing; it is life-giving and life-saving. It was 
distilled by the greatest of all chemists, by Mother Nature 
herself in her own laboratories. It was cooled and kept 
pure in the bonded warehouses of the eternal mountains. 
In this crystal liquid, I wish you to join with me in drink- 
ing a toast. My toast has several parts. I cannot sep- 
arate them. I would not, if I could, and I do not wish 
you to drink with me until I give you all of the parts. 

The first part of the toast is to the man who until last 
year presided over the destinies of this University and 
helped to make it one of the greatest universities of our 
country. The second part of my toast is to the soldier 
boy of last year — the man of mature thought and schol- 
arly dignity who this year becomes the head of our great 
University. In drinking to these two heads of the Uni- 
versity, I know that you will gladly join me in drinking 
also to their wives. We all know and hear of university 
presidents, but let us not inadvertently overlook the 
wives, who are always important factors in the social life 
of the university. 

In the light of past achievement will you drink with 
me, standing, to President Emeritus Benjamin Ide 
"Wheeler and to Mrs. Wheeler, the lady who stood by his 
side bravely and actively during the many long years? 
In the light of future achievement will you drink with me, 
standing, to President Elect David Prescott Barrows 
and to Mrs. Barrows, the lady who will stand at his side 
in the coming years? To both of them we pledge our 
cooperation and our loyalty. 



TJNIVEESITY OF CALITOENIA 



The Toastmastee : As I approacli tlie introduction of 
the next speaker, I am reminded of the shock that came 
to the legal profession about twenty years ago when the 
engineers of the country began to move up alongside the 
lawyers and to discuss economics, ethics, and even discuss 
what the law should be. Ten years later, the same shock 
came to the bar when university professors began to go 
out into the world and to encroach upon those domains 
of activity which the bar had always thought belonged 
exclusively to it. And I remember that when Dr. Eeinsch, 
Professor in the University of Wisconsin, went over as 
American Minister and Envoy Extraordinary of the 
American Government to China, the bar said, "There is 
another one of those professors taking away jobs from 
us." But there is consolation for the members of the 
bar in regard to Dr. Reinsch in that not only is he a uni- 
versity professor but he is also a lawyer and is today the 
chief legal adviser of the Republic of China, an inter- 
national lawyer of international fame, the outstanding 
man in this country among those who are qualified to 
discuss the great problems affecting China in the Pacific. 

It is a great pleasure to me to welcome Dr. Paul 
Samuel Eeinsch here tonight as a delegate to the in- 
auguration of President Barrows, and as our guest. I 
ask you, Dr. Eeinsch, to address our gathering. 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDENT BAREOWS 



ADDEESS OF DE. EEINSOH 

Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: I thank tlie 
toastmaster for his very kind words but I am sorry that 
I should have been one to give a shock to so admirable 
a profession (to which moreover I belong myself). 

I was very happy to drink the toast proposed by Mrs. 
Morrison. And I agree with her as to the superior virtue 
of that in which it was proposed, although a great many 
people say at the present time that, while this prohibition 
is an excellent thing for your constitution and mine, it is 
doing peculiar things to the constitution of the United 
States. I am very happy to be here at your birthday 
party, as Mrs. Morrison has so felicitously called it. She 
says the University is fifty-two years old. It is just a 
little bit ahead of me — ^your Alma Mater can stand it 
somewhat better than I can. So from that point of view 
the occasion is not quite so stimulating to me as it is to 
Alma Mater. 

An occasion of this kind always brings to our minds 
the memories of our own college days. It brings to my 
mind, too, the similar gatherings in a far distant land 
where American university graduates got together, men 
and women of all nations, particularly, however, Amer- 
ican and Chinese, beneath the towering walls of ancient 
Peking. If you have ever attended any of those meetings, 
you will know that the American college spirit has been 
transported bodily into that distant land, with all its out- 
ward manifestations, such as yells and unison calls from 
college to college, from table to table, demanding to Imow 
what is the matter with so and so. The Chinese as you 



136 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 

know, are very ready to pick up all our practices of 
genial sociability. They bring their wives; and those 
little Chinese women, who may never have had any direct 
knowledge of our education at all, nevertheless enter into 
the spirit just as if they were entirely to the manner born. 

It is amusing to see the older graduates, who have 
resumed the long-coated, dignified costume of the Chinese, 
manifesting distinctly American enthusiasms. For in- 
stance, at a baseball game you may occasionally see 
admirals of the Chinese navy and other dignitaries of 
the Chinese capital giving vent to their feelings in dis- 
tinctly American fashion. ' ' Rotten ! ' ' they will say, ' ' Put 
out the umpire ! " " The pitcher is rattled ! ' ' and similar 
familiar exhortations. They take up our particular 
dialect very readily. The other day I heard a Chinese, 
upon being asked whether large quantities of Japanese 
goods had been burned in the national movement in 
China, say, ' ' Oh, well, occasionally they burn a little pile 
just as a stunt to put some jazz into the boycott." 

The Chinese who return from the United States, going 
back into that enormous population, with its ancient 
civilization, carry with them, indeed, a valuable outfit of 
knowledge. But they are confronted with very great 
difiSculties in making it effective, and sometimes they 
suffer from some of the things that we ourselves have 
suffered under in our college education. As I was walk- 
ing in the hills above the University this afternoon, meet- 
ing the students, young men and women strolling there, 
picking flowers and taking each other's snapshots, my 
mind reverted to my own college days, and I thought of 
the pleasant things and also of some which were other- 
wise. It occurred to me that one of the great troubles 
that we have to encounter — at least I did and I know it is 
still met with in our entire educational system — is too 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 137 

much of the quantitative idea in education. I had an 
amusing illustration of that when I was still at Wisconsin. 
A young fellow wrote me from Texas : "I have read your 
book on Far Eastern Politics, and I would like to ask you 
some questions. And I want you to understand that I 
know something about that subject, because I have read 
$30 worth of books on it" — a very definite measurement 
of knowledge. But the quantitative idea germinates also 
on the faculty side. I remember the case of a young man 
who was teaching American History and who would 
entertain his class for whole lectures at a time by giving 
them, let us say, the details about how many slaves were 
freed in the various parishes of Alabama before the 
Civil War, year after year. That sort of thing is not at 
all inspiring. In all things we are greatly given to the 
quantitative idea. The candidate at the convention is 
measured by the length of the tumult of applause which 
is kept up for him — and surely some California candi- 
dates are going to exceed the half hour limit this time. 
I read just the other day that a county in the western 
part of Kansas boasted of the fact that it held the auto- 
mobile record, in that there were four automobiles to 
every bathtub in that county. 

There is the merely quantitative method of instruc- 
tion. There are also other vicious methods; the diffuse 
verbosity which was formerly practiced often by those 
who professed sociology, and which consisted in telling 
a very simple thing in such an abstruse way that it was 
very difficult to understand it. This made one long for 
the simplicity of an answer which was once given in the 
same connection as those wonderful statements regarding 
history quoted by Mrs. Morrison, to a teacher who asked 
the question, "What was the result of the great flood?" 
A small boy stated conclusively, "Mud." 



138 UNIVEESITY OF CALrPORNIA 

As I was thinking of memories from the student's 
point of view, I asked myself what, in my experience, 
had after all been the most outstanding thing of value 
to be remembered in the college course and in university 
work. It seemed to me that it was example, the oppor- 
tunity to see men who had a mastery of a subject handle 
it and analyze it. There the good old lecture comes to its 
own. A lecture may, of course, be terribly abused, par- 
ticularly if it entirely ignores the printing press. But 
if it is a clear, logical analysis of a subject, luminous, 
illuminating, then it is practice in thought, which is of 
great benefit to the hearer. And so it seems to me that it 
is example which counts for most. In the sciences, there 
is the very careful method of investigation, of making 
experiments, requiring infinite patience. Accuracy is 
very much needed in all branches. I am afraid that if 
that test of Mrs. Morrison's were to be applied — insist- 
ing on absolute mental accuracy — there would be an 
enormous exodus from our institutions of higher learn- 
ing. I have had experience with a great many young 
college graduates as assistants in office work. I find 
that they are very often decidedly superior to details of 
style and spelling and that a well-trained stenographer 
with merely a high school education is .sometimes to be 
preferred to the man who has studied literary criticism 
and experimental psychology. 

But I do not desire to ramble on in this fashion with 
reminiscences. The thing that makes the college course, 
the university course, a measure for life, is the manner 
in which it is made to contribute to the development of 
personality; and that comes by touch with other person- 
alities, among the students and among the faculty. 

But there is something beyond that. We are alumni 
and alumnae of state universities, of universities that are 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 139 

closely connected with the public interest and govern- 
ment. I may say to you that as I went out to represent 
our country among a people that is at the present time 
trying to solve the most difficult problems of internal 
organization, my experience of an American common- 
wealth that had concentrated its intellectual energy in its 
university stood me in specially good stead. Because, 
whenever practical questions came up, which were often 
submitted to me by my Chinese friends among the 
officials, I could always fall back on this experience of the 
living organization of a democratic commonwealth. 

The university represents the concentrated, intel- 
lectual force of the state, exerting itself in everything 
relating to the mind, where mind controls matter, where 
it controls engineering problems and development, in art, 
in literature, in business, in commerce, in agriculture; 
this means the dominance of the mind in all parts of the 
affairs of the commonwealth. This conception implies 
the organic unity of all life and effort in the state. A 
selfish spirit of merely individual training for personal 
advancement could not be tolerated in a communal uni- 
versity, where everything is focused upon the communal 
life and made subservient to the communal welfare, in- 
stilling into every member of that community the idea 
that his private, personal efforts and his talents have no 
real meaning whatsoever and do not lead even to his own 
happiness unless they are employed with a view to the 
general welfare of the community in which he lives. 
That is a fine heritage to give to our young men and 
women, a fine start toward the upbuilding of a great 
nation. 

It has been noted by the toastmaster that among the 
graduates of state universities loyalty to the alma mater 
is often not so strongly expressed as it is in institutions 



140 UNrVEESITY OF CALIFOBNIA 

privately founded and maintained. But I believe it is 
there just the same, it is there, sometimes subconsciously, 
but always working in the minds and lives of these men 
and women. Both classes of institutions have their func- 
tions to fulfill and I don't mean to say for a minute that 
those privately founded are not conscious of their public 
obligations and do not cultivate in their students a public 
spirit. But an institution that is so closely connected 
with public action as the state university has a special 
treasure in the relationship as it has a special duty. In 
the great problems that are confronting us in this nation 
now, whether as individual commonwealths or as a united 
whole, it is to the great universities that we must look 
for guidance, for rational investigation, for providing us 
with a basis of action, and not only with that, but pro- 
viding our youth with an impulse toward the public wel- 
fare which will last through life and will be its chief 
treasure. 

I am particularly happy to be here on this occasion 
because of the fact that Dr. Barrows is beginning now his 
period of administration of this University. I know him 
well. I have seen him in action during the war analyzing 
very difficult and complicated situations, judging men, 
suggesting action, and I know that he is animated with 
those ideals which a great public university ought to 
represent and develop. Not only is he animated with the 
ideals, but he has the mature experience, the character, 
ability, and force, to make those ideals live. And so I 
congratulate you, ladies and gentlemen, on your leader. 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 141 



The Toastmastee : At the Chamber of Commerce 
dinner to President Barrows in San Francisco last even- 
ing, I made reference to the fact, when I arose to intro- 
duce him, that I had performed that same function on 
many occasions since his appointment to the presidency 
of the University, and that he had shown the greatest 
patience and good nature under my bombardments and 
that I thought he was now entitled to some respite. When 
I sat down one of my friends said "You're quite right; 
David is not the man to stand for any worn out Creeds. ' ' 
I feel that tonight I ought to make good my implied 
promise to President Barrows to give him some rest from 
my enthusiasm and I have therefore concluded to call 
upon representative alumni from three important sec- 
tions of the State to express a brief word of greeting to 
him from the alumni. I have great pleasure in calling 
first upon our loyal alumnus, Robert M. Fitzgerald, of 
the City of Oakland. 



142 UNIVERSITY OP CALIFOENIA 



ADDRESS OE ME. FITZGEEALD 



Mr. Toastmaster, President Barrows, and Friends: 
If I were able to express what I feel, I should be pleased 
to be called upon. Having been notified a few minutes 
ago by the chairman that he would call upon me, the only 
sweet words he uttered in making the request were, 
"Make it just two minutes." I can't help feeling, under 
the circumstances, very much like the fellow who had 
given some offense to his neighbors and they concluded 
they would ride him out of town on a rail, which they 
did. In explaining it afterwards, he said that, were it 
not for the honor of the occasion, he would rather have 
walked. So, were it not for the honor of being called 
upon, I would rather remain seated. 

Feeding our lives are two streams representing two 
moods, one serious, the other pleasurable, and both often 
reviewed in reminiscence. When reminiscent how often 
we look back to college days and the time of boyhood, to 
the pleasures that we found when going through the 
University, to the friends we made at a time in our lives, 
and the only time in Life, that we make warm friends — in 
early youth and manhood. When cares and responsi- 
bilities crowd in serious life, we draw on our education, 
culture and the information that we have acquired. No 
matter what mood we may indulge in we find ourselves 
indebted to our Alma Mater for the pleasure which 
memory brings and the gratitude we bear for our ability 
to cope with the seriousness of life. Thus we always 
wander back to her no matter what the occasion or what 
mood we may be in. That is why she is so dear to each 
and every one of us. 



IlSrAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 143 

The ideals, then, that we have of the man who shall 
hold the destiny of our University in his hands, both from 
the pleasure point and the serious point, are high. And 
while I recognize that most post-prandial endorsements 
are endorsements without recourse, because the recipient 
has nothing to do but to sit still, it is a little different 
tonight — the task, Mr. President, is before you. And to 
yourself, as one of the alumni of the University that we 
love — the University that we hope will carve out, together 
with other institutions of learning, the real destinies of 
our nation, if it is to go forward — to you we extend not 
only the hand of friendship, but of good fellowship, 
because you are one of us, and you have been one of us. 
And our greatest hope tonight that you will carry that 
destiny forward, is that you are an alumnus of the 
University of California. 

In a word, then, we pledge to you in this task, difficult 
as it may be, our aid, our devotion, and our fealty, know- 
ing that with that aid, your own industry, your own 
enthusiasm, and your own ability, there is nothing for the 
future of the University of California but success. 



TJNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 



The Toastmaster: There are twelve members of the 
Stockton alumni here tonight, and I wish to pay a brief 
tribute to those alumni from the City of Stockton. 
Throughout the time that I have been President of the 
University of California — you didn't let me finish — 
throughout the time that I have been President of the 
University of California Alumni Association, I have 
called upon those alumni in Stockton to render various 
services, and there has never been an occasion when they 
have failed to respond one hundred per cent strong to a 
request that came from the office of the Association. I 
have great pleasure in asking George F. McNoble, the 
President of the Council at Stockton, to say a brief word 
to Dr. Barrows. 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 



ADDEESS OF ME. McNOBLE 

Mr. President — or, more properly, Presidents — and 
if I stop there I might be addressing a multitude, as I 
understand that we have all sorts of Presidents with us 
tonight, one from the Alumni Association, one from the 
Board of Kegents, one from the University of Missouri, 
and one from Mills College; quite as many Presidents 
as they have in the Mormon Church in Utah; so I won't 
specify which one I am addressing, as I wish to get all 
the election returns in before midnight. 

This is a day with us for great rejoicing. Upon 
behalf of the Stockton Alumni Association, of which I 
have the honor to be the continuous President, I wish to 
bear to President Barrows our message of continued 
loyalty and support, and at this round table with fifteen of 
the Stockton Alumni present we rejoice with him tonight 
in the elevation that he has received at the hands of the 
Board of Regents, and we believe that that honor was 
rightfully his, even though in the earlier stages of the 
contest there was some doubt as to whether he might be 
chosen. 

By way of digression, I wish right here to take up 
the theme suggested by our distinguished friend, Mrs. 
Morrison. There is no doubt that she is a magician — I 
would not feel at liberty to call her the feminine of 
"wizard," even if she does practice witchery — ^but I do 
wish to say that any lady that can make a roomfuU like 
this stand up and smile and quaff deeply of a liquid that 
they do not like, especially with such very recent mem- 
ories of something that they do like, is a veritable 



146 UNIVEESITY OP CALEFORNIA 

magician. But I suppose it is just as well, for the distin- 
guished lady has made this learned audience do some- 
thing that it did not wish to do, that is to say, drink toasts 
with water. The good lady has said that the standard 
of our learning is falling at the University and that the 
graduates have great difficulty in reading, writing and 
'rithmetic, in fact practicing the three r 's — well, this is to 
be regretted, but I think as we are out and away from 
the classic shades, it may be perfectly safe for us now 
to say: "Let them raise up the bars of learning at the 
University of California, for all the old animals have got 
out." 

Now, mark me, as the ghost says in "Hamlet," I 
heard a judge of the Supreme Court of this State say 
that his forum was a court of last conjecture; and I am 
just wondering now whether, as we sit in judgment upon 
the present undergraduates, we could pass an examina- 
tion and tell whether Henry of Navarre was more nearly 
related to Henry the Eighth or Henry the Fourth. 

It was a wonderful day in Berkeley today. The scene 
was entrancing, the long procession of scholars and near- 
scholars were gaily decorated in multi-colored clothing. 
As we gathered at the Greek Theatre, I thought at first 
we might have an unwelcome shower of raia, but it did 
not rain water, though we had a downpour — that is to say, 
there was a bounteous downpour of academic lore galore 
in great store — in place of the rain. 

Now, Colonel Barrows, as man to man, it took a long 
time to get you seated, but at last we have got you as our 
leader — as Calif ornian to Californian, as man to man, as 
one who speaks and understands the language of Bret 
Harte and Mark Twain, and knows the trials of the 
Pioneer 's home — I wish to tell you by way of parable of 
our feelings during your recent campaign. And I wish 



INAUGURATION OF PEESIDENT BAEEOWS 147 

to say here that when the news came over the wire that 
you were chosen for the presidency of the University, 
we all hastened to send you a message which ran in sub- 
stance : "Congratulations. "We are still with you in your 
victory. ' ' 

I wish to say that I feel the people of the State of 
California are to be congratulated upon obtaining the 
services of this man. We have a Californian for Presi- 
dent, and that is a matter of congratulation for us. We 
know the people always think that other people's cattle 
have longer horns, that is, that the great men always live 
in some foreign or distant land. However, this obstacle 
is overcome, as a sound judgment was made by the Board 
of Regents. Here is a man who grew up as a part of 
the University, and we, the alumni, intend to support him 
loyally. We are going to give him our moral and 
spiritual support and all the fhiancial support that should 
be expected of this great State — yes, give him all things 
that are necessary to make his administration a great 
one. Some one has said in speaking of the University: 
"We are going through the golden era of the Univer- 
sity," and by that is implied that there is a silver or 
leaden era to follow. We do not wish such thought to 
persist. We wish to feel that as California is the Golden 
State, so the golden era of the University will continue 
on through years to come without end. 

I desire to say in conclusion. President Barrows, that 
the Stockton Alumni had some fear and trepidation in 
the early stages of the "quest for a President" that some 
cog might slip and the wrong man might land in the right 
place. And if you understand the terms of that beautiful 
game that our pioneer fathers played upon the tailboards 
of their prairie wagons in crossing the continent, that 
good old game of poker, you will understand what I mean 



148 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOBNIA 

when we say that we feel that you only had a small hand 
before the draw, that is, a small pair, but after the draw, 
lo and behold, you landed a full house; in other words, 
you filled by the draw and you won the pot. 

We know that President Barrows is going to succeed ; 
we know that he has a great task ahead of him ; and as a 
great captain of industry once said : " It is only the busy 
men who do great things." We feel that no task is too 
great for our newly elected President, and that the people 
of the State of California are wedded to the idea that he 
is bound to succeed and do great things for us all in the 
years to come. We rejoice among ourselves here tonight 
in the pleasure that we all feel at the conclusion of this 
great gala day, and we say to you President Barrows, 
"Godspeed — ^you are a winner, and we intend to be with 
you even to the end. ' ' 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEE0W8 



ADDEESS OF ME. ALBEET M. PAUL 

The Toastmaster : Mr. Paul, will you say a brief word 
to President Barrows from the alumni of Los Angeles'? 

Me. Paul. Mr. Toastmaster, President Barrows, and 
Fellow Alumni: I fully realize that in being called upon 
to speak for Los Angeles, I am probably filling the shoes 
of someone else who is unfortunate enough not to be with 
us tonight, and shoes worn under those conditions are 
not always comfortable. You may not believe it, but 
there are some who come from Los Angeles who do not 
enjoy talking. 

A few weeks ago we had the pleasure of having Dr. 
Barrows with us in Los Angeles. History was made in 
Los Angeles at that time, because the Board of Eegents 
then met for the first time there to consider University 
problems. And we wish to say to you, fellow Alumni, 
that we have every confidence in the world in Dr. Bar- 
rows. We like his dynamic energy, we like his mind, we 
like his "slant" on things, we like to remember that the 
equipment with which he comes to the University is of 
the best. Just how he and his wisdom and the wisdom of 
his advisers will solve the problem of housing the Uni- 
versity students, whether it is a wise move to place a 
branch in Los Angeles, we do not know. All we do know 
is that if Dr. Barrows and his advisers decide upon a 
given thing we shall know that is best for the University, 
and we wish him to know that we are with him. 



UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 



The Toastmasteb : The Governor of the State of Cali- 
fornia has graced this occasion with his presence. I wish 
to take this opportunity to express to him our thanks for 
that very remarkable and eloquent interpretation of the 
University which he made this morning when, as Gov- 
ernor of the State and President of the Board of Eegents, 
he presented to President Barrows the key of the Univer- 
sity as the symbol of his office. And I wish the Governor, 
not only as Governor, but as President of the Board of 
Regents, formally to present President Barrows to you 
tonight. Governor Stephens, 



INAUGURATION OF PKESIDENT BAEEOWS 



ADDEESS OF 60VEEN0E STEPHENS 

Mr. Toastmaster, Mrs. Barrows, President Barrows: 
I will leave it to Mrs. Morrison whether the Governor of 
this commonwealth in this equal suffrage year has not 
exhibited the proper courtesy in the salutations just 
made. 

This Alumni Association is a great institution, and 
one of which the Governor is proud, and of which he 
expects to be proud all through the years to come. He 
wishes to feel, he wishes to believe, that when he asks a 
member of this association to perform some public duty, 
the member will answer, "Ready." There is a particular 
thing for each member of the Alumni of the State Univer- 
sity to do in the next year or two, and that is to see to it 
that any man or woman in his community who cannot 
speak the English language is taught it. In my judgment, 
never again should a man or woman be admitted to citizen- 
ship in America until after he or she can speak and under- 
stand the English language. In addition to that, those 
that are with us who are citizens but cannot speak our 
language should be taught it, and those who are not 
citizens and will not learn America 's language should be 
put out of America. 

I know how much all of you think of this State, from 
its southernmost boundary to its northernmost line. You 
would love it all the more if you knew it as well as I do. 
The only way to learn California as I know it today is by 
going thoroughly over California, traveling over every 
bit of it, taking in every community. I hope that many 
of you may have an opportunity in the next few years of 



152 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA 

going into other counties in this great State. Wherever 
you go you can talk of this great University, for from 
the fifty-eight counties of California are to come the men 
and women who are to make the California of the future, 
the California that you and I shall continue to be proud 
of, as we are proud of it today. In the hands of President 
Barrows of our State University rests much of Cali- 
fornia's future — for he it is who will direct so many of 
the developing brains of our young people. 

Ladies and gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure to 
have the opportunity of presenting to you tonight a 
member of your association, one whom you are delighted 
to honor, David Prescott Barrows, President of the 
University. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 



ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT BARROWS 

Dear Fellow Alumni: Your greeting is most inspiring. 
This is the most remarkable gathering I have ever faced 
— and the best looking. Will Magee says that he has 
heard me say that before. He never did. And even if he 
did, it was before I ever faced this gathering. 

Think of the power inherent in this company. Here 
we are, all trained in the same school, all holding the same 
things to be right and good, all with the same idealism 
and the same loyalty. Anything humanly possible is pos- 
sible to this gathering, if it is high and if we are correctly 
organized to achieve it. 

What a thing this University is ! President Wheeler 
used to say of it that the University is a religion. I have 
thought much of that cryptic saying. There is truth in 
it. It is religion, in the sense that we who live for the 
University live for something outside of ourselves, beyond 
our own interests and satisfaction. And that is religion. 
And it is religion also in that we all take hold upon it, 
weak, ephemeral creatures, as upon something that is 
enduring. It is our grasp upon immortality. And so we 
seek to identify our brief lives with its life, which we 
know will be enduring. I think that is one of the real 
reasons why the men and women of this community 
delight so in enriching it, in bestowing what they have 
upon it — because they feel that they are giving to some- 
thing that is imperishable, that will live when they are 
dead. 

It is extraordinary how the people of this State feel 
about the University of California. I listened today with 



154 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

thrills of interest and sympathy, as I always do, to the 
reading of that remarkable list of benefactions which 
have been showered upon the University within the last 
twelve months. What a rain of offerings, the small and 
the large! Perhaps the small gift is no less the result 
of sacrifice and the embodiment of affection than the large 
and splendid benefactions, like the million and a half 
dollars from Mr. Searles. These things showered down 
upon us unexpectedly, almost unperceived. That fine 
donation of the late Mrs. Haviland, which was in the list 
of those read to you this morning, that donation of a 
quarter of a million dollars, and perhaps more, for a 
building upon the campus, was not known to a single 
Regent until the Attorney of our board came into the 
meeting of the Finance Committee and announced that 
her will had been made and she had made this beautiful 
legacy for the good of California. 

How full the history of our institution is of these 
simply bestowed, beautifully bestowed offerings ! I like 
to think of that great Kearny Estate, given to us by a 
man of alien nationality, an Englishman. Pew of the 
University knew him. I don't know that he was ever at 
the University. But his imagination had been seized by 
it. He died unexpectedly at sea. When his will was read, 
all of his possessions were bestowed upon the University 
of California. Then there is that singular little gift that 
came in the night from a man who knocked at President 
Wheeler's door, a man in plain, rough garb, and thrust 
into his hand a leathern sack and said, "I want you to 
take this and grubstake some young fellow in the Univer- 
sity. ' ' That sack was found to contain a weight of gold, 
and it is today the Grubstake Scholarship of the Univer- 
sity of California. 



INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARROWS 155 

So these things come. The University grows and 
grows, rich in the generosity with which the State gov- 
ernment supports it, rich in the loyalty of its sons and 
daughters, rich also in the great interest and affection 
and coniidence of the people of this State. I made a little 
calculation the other day in a curious moment of the 
amount of benefactions which the community right 
around this bay alone has made within the last ten years. 
If I had made it ten years more, it would have been very 
much increased, because it would have taken in very great 
gifts like those of our dear friend, Mrs. Phoebe Apperson 
Hearst. But I found that within ten years the people of 
this bay vicinity had given to this University over 
six million dollars. 

This is a dear, precious institution, fifty-two years old 
today, which we love and which we serve. It is a very 
young institution compared with some of the great 
foundations of learning. I received today a cablegram 
from under the waters of the Pacific which charmed me, 
a cablegram from the two universities in the Philippine 
Islands, one the American-planned establishment, the 
University of the Philippines, of which I had the pleasure 
of being one of the first regents, and for which I drew 
the organic act — and I drew that organic act pretty close 
to the organic act of the University of California — and 
the other the University of Santo Tomas, or, to give it 
the full title, the Royal and Pontifical University of Saint 
Thomas Aquinas — the oldest university under the Amer- 
ican flag, for it was founded in Manila in 1610. That is 
an old institution compared with this young University of 
ours. And yet in fifty-two years it has become what it is, 
through the generosity of this State, the confidence of 
this State, and the affection of its daughters and its sons. 



156 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

Our University is in the care and keeping of a re- 
markable body of men and one fine woman, the Regents. 
Mr. Creed, himself a Eegent, has, with very becoming 
modesty, pronounced a eulogium upon this Board of 
Regents, and I, being now myself a Regent, am going to 
add something to that same eulogium, with like becoming 
modesty. I do this because I believe this body of alumni 
should feel, not mere gratitude, but a sense of concern, 
for these noble servants, twenty-four of them. They are 
appointed for long terms, terms that are unique, I think, 
among such institutions in this country, the term being 
sixteen years. They work and serve and learn, and every 
year become increasingly serviceable. There is a certain 
sentiment being spread throughout the State which is 
attacking the length of their service as anti-democratic 
and as inadvisable. Certainly it is a proper subject for 
the people of the State to discuss. But the question itself 
is getting involved in misunderstandings and in mis- 
information, and it is the duty of this body of alumni 
to keep the facts exact in the minds of the people of 
this State. A gentleman, a very intelligent gentleman, 
said to me a few nights ago on the train between here 
and Los Angeles, "I am authoritatively told that the 
Regents of the State University each and every one 
draw salaries of $16,000 a year," I was able to dis- 
abuse his mind of that misconception. I told him that 
not only did they not draw salaries of $16,000, but, more 
than that, they drew not a cent from the University, even 
meeting their own individual expenses and traveling up 
and down the length of this state, incurring heavy ex- 
pense, on behalf of this institution. The University never 
drew a check in favor of any of them. We don't do that 
— they draw checks in favor of the University. That is 
the system. 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEK0W8 157 

That matter should be understood. Because our sys- 
tem of regent appointment and government is one of the 
reasons why we have grown so well, why public confidence 
is so strong in the institution, why it is that every asset, 
every property which is put in the hands of the Regents, 
improves. Gifts are not always an asset when put in their 
hands, but quite often a liability, but they become assets 
in some strange, mysterious way that I do not under- 
stand. Every lawsuit they engage in they win — I don't 
know how that is so, but those who can understand law- 
suits may. What I want to say is just this: that the 
affairs of the University are in extraordinary keeping, 
and we should be solicitous to see that that keeping is not 
destroyed or impaired. 

I am having a very interesting experience with the 
Board of Regents — there is no reason why I should not 
talk about them. The affairs of the University have 
always been conducted with great business prudence. So 
far as I know, it has never had a liability and has never 
run in debt. But there are some excellent traditions 
which it is well enough to break. I have signalized my 
induction into office by a great act of what might be called 
imprudence — I have framed a budget for the University 
and presented it to the Executive Committee, which for 
the first time, so far as I know, in the history of the Uni- 
versity runs our institution into red ink, and runs it into 
red ink to the extent of half a millon dollars. I presented 
this budget, and not a Regent batted an eye. The net 
reaction which I got from them was, "It doesn't seem 
to be enough. " Sol went back to my ofiice and returned 
again with a balance that incurs a deficit of $670,000. 
And they approved that. I don't know how that is going 
to be covered, but it is a deficit which seems to be neces- 
sary if the plain needs of the University are to be met 



158 UNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

for this next year. We are spending this year three and 
a half million dollars, and the Regents of the University 
are prepared to spend hereafter four and a half million 
dollars, and find that additional revenue of one million 
dollars somewhere. 

The great deficiency I have mentioned has been in- 
curred in the following ways : We are improving the 
salaries of the teaching body. The new scale of academic 
compensation, which I am at liberty now to announce, is 
not sensational ; it is still relatively modest, but it does put 
us on a fairly comparable plane with those of other first- 
class institutions in this country. The scale of salaries 
for full professors is now to run from $4000 as a minimum 
to $8000 as a maximum. For associate professors, the 
salaries will run from $3000 to $4000. For assistant pro- 
fessorships it will run from $2700 to $2900. Then we 
come to the beginning of the profession, the period dur- 
ing which we take men in the category of instructors, a 
probational period, to sift them and try them and train 
them, to see if they are fit to replenish and enrich the 
academic profession. We have heretofore started those 
young men too low. We have not paid them an emolu- 
ment that made possible for them that advance which we 
require. We are going to do a little better, and I think 
in this respect we are doing quite as well as any univer- 
sity in this country, and perhaps considerably better 
than most of them. Hereafter, an instrueter in the Uni- 
versity of California, if he is a man who has completed 
his academic preparation and secured his Doctor's degree 
— and that is the type of man and woman we are looking 
for — will begin his teaching experience with us at $1800, 
will advance for four years by an annual increment of 
$200, making it $1800, $2000, $2200, and $2400, so that, by 
the time he is, let us say 28 or 29, he will be getting a 



INAUGUEATION OF PRESIDENT BAEEOWS 159 

salary of $2400 or $2500, will have completed his pro- 
bationary period, and be ready for advancement to the 
status of assistant professor, under that considerably 
increased compensation. 

I mention this because I am so solicitous to see the 
best minds of our graduates, the most eager young people, 
the most ambitious and those best endowed, interested 
in the profession of university teaching. And this is a 
provision which, I hope, will make it possible for them to 
choose it. 

We have had to add $75,000 to our budget in order to 
make provision for retiring allowances for that increas- 
ing number of our staff who will not be able to benefit 
from the Carnegie Fund for the Advancement of Teach- 
ing, owing to the alteration in plan of that institution. 
We are adding $100,000 for expenditures at Los Angeles, 
in order to conduct well there the interesting experiment 
which the University has undertaken in taking over that 
institution, making it into a southern branch of the Uni- 
versity. We are planning provision there for training a 
thousand students in the freshman and sophomore years 
(besides that number who are taking their teacher's 
training course in what was formerly the Los Angeles 
Normal School). That will cost us in the immediate 
future $100,000 of additional money. 

So these items pile up. The University is receiving 
an annual increment of a thousand additional students. 
They cannot be properly instructed, the old standards 
cannot be retained, the mistakes of our education which 
have been stated here tonight cannot be corrected, unless 
the State of California gives us the support which we 
require. 

Now, how is this to be done ? I am not at liberty quite 
to tell you tonight. It means probably a reorganization 



160 ITNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

of our entire system of support. We have got to think in 
this matter not only of ourselves, but we must think and 
think liberally of the whole educational system of the 
State, of its high schools and its grammar schools, all of 
which have serious need, all of which have the same 
difficult problems that education is facing, everywhere. 
But it is going to take a great effort, and an effort which 
calls for the service and the loyalty of the entire body of 
our alumni. We must begin to serve the University again 
as we have in the past, serve it unitedly, serve it through 
organization, serve it through leadership organized in 
every locality, serve it because we know that we are 
serving the greatest thing in the State, the greatest thing 
in the West. 

If we do that, if we carry out these plans, if we meet 
our responsibilities in no hesitant way, if we meet them 
with the same generosity and the same fire that Cali- 
fornians have always had, we stand, I believe, a fine 
prospect of building up here at this favored point one of 
the greatest and most serious institutions in the world, 
uniting in its teaching and in its discovery the arts, the 
humanities, the sciences, the service of healing, the service 
of a better understanding of the races and the peoples of 
this great Pacific area. It is a very noble mission. It is 
a characteristically American mission in its promise, in 
its confidence, and in its largeness. But it is not too much 
for the world's needs, it is not too much for the State of 
California. 

For -fifty-two years, this University has been main- 
tained by the people of the State. All who come here 
have, without price, been afforded education. They have 
come from all over the earth. You meet the graduates 
of California in all lands. They are of all races and all 
peoples. We have never asked anything of them except 



INAUGUEATION OF PEESIDBNT BAEEOWS 161 

to take proper advantage of the opportunities afforded 
— a generous policy, nevertheless a policy which has re- 
paid this commonwealth, repaid it in material ways, and 
repaid it in spiritual ways, hut in no way repaid it more 
than in its influence upon ourselves. 

The Eegents of the University have one great resource 
which they can utilize if it must be. They can do what 
other institutions have done, and done with brilliant suc- 
cess; they can impose upon the student body a tuition. 
And in some respects probably that student body would 
be benefited by the tuition. But we must remember this, 
that we are a state university, that it is our business to 
serve, not to select the part — we do not have that priv- 
ilege, but we must serve all who come with proper quali- 
fications — and among them, I can assure you, there are 
the poor and the needy yet promising men and women. 
A few years ago I made a rough estimate and found that 
there were in the University of California one thousand 
men who at that time were putting themselves through a 
college education largely by the service of the big muscles 
of their bodies. I talked with a young girl the other 
night, a spirited young girl, a girl with the real fire of 
scholarship in her, carrying out in the present time in one 
of our laboratories a genuine investigation, with her 
heart set on going to Johns Hopkins next year to carry 
that investigation further. That girl could not pay a 
tuition fee of $25 and stay in the University. She told me 
in all simplicity that she had moved out of her sorority 
because the expense was a little too high, and with two 
companions had taken up her residence in a little apart- 
ment where they could cook their own meals and supply 
their own necessities out of the few dollars of resources 
which they possessed. Tuition would mean a great 
obstacle, a great embarrassment, perhaps a real and 



162 XJNIVEESITY OF CALIFORNIA 

permanent hindrance in the lives of hundreds of young 
people of that character in the University of California. 
That is why we must hesitate, that is why I say we must 
hold the power which the Eegents have to charge tuition 
in reserve, and we must not apply it unless it is essential, 
in order that students may not be turned away, in order 
that our instruction may not become debased, in order 
that the University of California may not become finan- 
cially unsound. I believe the Eegents of the University 
do not expect and do not desire to resort to this extreme 
power which they have. They turn to the State of Cali- 
fornia, to you and to the people generally of California, 
with confidence in their generosity. They believe in the 
hold which the University has acquired on the affections 
of the people of this State. They purpose to go on con- 
fidently and courageously with their undertakings, with 
the incurring of obligations, confident in the generosity 
of the people of this commonwealth, who have so far sus- 
tained the University and who will, we believe, sustain 
it forever. 



